EU leaders summit in Brussels on Wednesday, Ceramic proppant shale oil extraction on the EU's plan was discussed.
Compared with the U.S., European energy expensive. The new shale oil and gas resources of the United States energy prices low.frac proppant Hosted the summit of the European Council President Herman Van Rompuy said that the European fear of becoming the only continent dependent on energy imports.
However, the production of oil shale are also potentially high risk environments. Critics argue that, through the hydraulic fracturing method, it is to use hydraulic fracturing the rock to release oil and gas extraction method will be a threat to water resources,unconventional gas and may even cause earthquakes.
high crush proppants
Friday, August 30, 2013
German beer makers worried about impact of shale gas Beer Purity
Because insiders fear will pollute the water hydraulic breaker method, thus affecting the purity of their beer, German beer manufacturers recently called on German President Angela - Angela Merkel (Angela Merkel) prohibit the use of hydraulic fracturing of
shale gas exploitation. It is reported that, according to the German government's plan for hydraulic breaker law and regulations, although it will all have been implemented into the discharge of groundwater pollution, but on behalf of Anheuser-Busch InBev and Bitburger Braugruppe GmbH and other companies of the German brewers association (Association of German Breweries) or reject accepted.Ceramic proppant The association said that the proposal did not adequately protect drinking water safety, it would violate the country on beer purity law, and the law in Germany more than 500 years of history. Association spokesman Mark - Oliver - Hong Huozi (Marc-Oliver Huhnholz) on Thursday, said: "We are concerned that hydraulic breaker method will pollute the water brewing, while more than half of German beer makers are from the private exploitation of the mine water, which would threaten our very pure beer. "association has issued a letter to convey this concern to the German cabinet six ministers.frac sand companies Including German Environment Minister Peter - Alter Meyer (Peter Altmaier). Earlier, German Environment Minister Duarte Meyer said hydraulic breaker law concerning matters shall be made by the state and local government decision.
Need long-term plan to achieve energy independence
Government and industry must recognize that shale gas and shale oil is not cheap and will one day be exhausted:frac proppant United States 70% of the shale gas production is no longer growing or falling from the shale fields. The tight oil production there are also long-term sustainability of doubt.
High yield of shale fields are scarce, 30 shale gas field in six accounted for 88% of total production, 21 have two dense oil accounted for 81% of total production. Many producers out of oil or gas from shale fields within a relatively small area within the dessert. The oil / gas wells will be the overall quality of the wells with dessert saturated and began to decline, which in turn requires sustained growth in oil / gas wells to maintain production.
Production will eventually be available limit on the number of drilling locations, and once this limit is reached, the output will be 30% to 50% per year rate of decline. For the Bakken and Eagle dense fields, it is expected that this will happen in five years.
EIA projections indicate that by 2040, the United States will finish all known mined shale gas reserves, 58% of unproved shale gas resources, as well as 78% of the undiscovered tight oil resources.frac sand Such exploitation of hydrocarbons based on the principle that these are expected seem overly optimistic. EIA expects natural gas prices lack credibility because of its steady growth in the next 20 years the supply of low production cost estimates. Declared that the U.S. Energy Independence and deployment plans to export shale resources is unwise. Shale revolution must be in a long-term viability for the future,ceramic ball sustainable energy strategy to be considered.
High yield of shale fields are scarce, 30 shale gas field in six accounted for 88% of total production, 21 have two dense oil accounted for 81% of total production. Many producers out of oil or gas from shale fields within a relatively small area within the dessert. The oil / gas wells will be the overall quality of the wells with dessert saturated and began to decline, which in turn requires sustained growth in oil / gas wells to maintain production.
Production will eventually be available limit on the number of drilling locations, and once this limit is reached, the output will be 30% to 50% per year rate of decline. For the Bakken and Eagle dense fields, it is expected that this will happen in five years.
EIA projections indicate that by 2040, the United States will finish all known mined shale gas reserves, 58% of unproved shale gas resources, as well as 78% of the undiscovered tight oil resources.frac sand Such exploitation of hydrocarbons based on the principle that these are expected seem overly optimistic. EIA expects natural gas prices lack credibility because of its steady growth in the next 20 years the supply of low production cost estimates. Declared that the U.S. Energy Independence and deployment plans to export shale resources is unwise. Shale revolution must be in a long-term viability for the future,ceramic ball sustainable energy strategy to be considered.
Thursday, August 29, 2013
GE has invested heavily in the development of shale oil and gas
According to Fox Business (FoxBusiness) reported that General Electric (GE) is seeking to improve its hydraulic fracturing (hydraulicfracturing) technology and expand its oilfield services business.
The company is dropping billions of dollars to be able to benefit from shale gas revolution.ceramic ball GE Oil & Gas is its fastest growing sector, its revenue since 2009, an increase of 57%.
GE last month announced that it will establish a research center in Oklahoma in order to improve oil recovery process.
GE said in a press release, "Research Center aims to improve safety,Ceramic proppant efficiency, stable production and delivery of non-conventional oil and gas technology."
General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt (JackImmelt) on Twitter beginning of the year that the United States is the outbreak of shale gas "revolution."
The company is dropping billions of dollars to be able to benefit from shale gas revolution.ceramic ball GE Oil & Gas is its fastest growing sector, its revenue since 2009, an increase of 57%.
GE last month announced that it will establish a research center in Oklahoma in order to improve oil recovery process.
GE said in a press release, "Research Center aims to improve safety,Ceramic proppant efficiency, stable production and delivery of non-conventional oil and gas technology."
General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt (JackImmelt) on Twitter beginning of the year that the United States is the outbreak of shale gas "revolution."
The process of change in the energy mix , we should emphasize the part
Energy for the future changes in the structure of international trends, taking into account relevant measures in the process, needs to be emphasized orientation diversity.
First, optimize the allocation of resources from the orientation of view , to further enhance the efficiency of resource allocation emphasized . First, we must balance resources imported species, in addition to oil and coal resources, from quite a long time now and for the development of shale gas revolution starting the trend to further expand the scale of natural gas imports ; two is to make the distribution of energy imports, further decentralization of the market , continue to strengthen the process of selection of imported energy, opportunities to expand ; Third, changing over from the extensive mode of economic development way , optimal adjustment of industrial structure, improve the efficiency of energy use ; fourth is to further the development of domestic energy commodities trading market, increase variety of transactions , maintaining a relatively stable domestic energy prices ;unconventional gas five is to strengthen the regulatory mechanism of government departments , chambers of commerce and corporate self-discipline coordination mechanism to prevent the herd .
Secondly, from the orientation of ensuring energy security point of view, should be based on the international market, supply-side efforts to form a stronger anti- pressure , high dependence on imports effectively resolve to bring energy supply risks. One is to further promote the " going out" strategy to support efforts at the appropriate time more copy CNOOC acquisition of Canadian oil company Nexen kind of success stories ; Second, the domestic shale gas , methanol , ethanol , wind, solar and other non- traditional energy development combine to form a second echelon of China's energy supply ; Third, to further expand the scale of energy reserves , in addition to expansion of oil reserve base , should also be part of the resources to achieve " as used with the mining " requirements.
Again, from the point of view of sustainable development orientation , as long as there is enough recoverable reserves as security of supply , China could enhance energy pricing in the international market during the game emboldened . First, the future of domestic shale gas development priorities should be emphasized that , in addition to emphasis on exploration and technology R & D investment , but in shale gas exploitation is even more important to emphasize gradual, especially to careful awarded licenses ;frac sand Second, from the development cycle economic start, it will start from the initial process of shale gas development environmental protection and water conservation recycling and comprehensive utilization of land resources combine specifically targeting shale gas development on ecology , groundwater, air quality and other aspects venue systematic study of the impact . The third is to strengthen research and development efforts to further enhance the efficiency of shale gas extraction , mining cost effective control .
First, optimize the allocation of resources from the orientation of view , to further enhance the efficiency of resource allocation emphasized . First, we must balance resources imported species, in addition to oil and coal resources, from quite a long time now and for the development of shale gas revolution starting the trend to further expand the scale of natural gas imports ; two is to make the distribution of energy imports, further decentralization of the market , continue to strengthen the process of selection of imported energy, opportunities to expand ; Third, changing over from the extensive mode of economic development way , optimal adjustment of industrial structure, improve the efficiency of energy use ; fourth is to further the development of domestic energy commodities trading market, increase variety of transactions , maintaining a relatively stable domestic energy prices ;unconventional gas five is to strengthen the regulatory mechanism of government departments , chambers of commerce and corporate self-discipline coordination mechanism to prevent the herd .
Secondly, from the orientation of ensuring energy security point of view, should be based on the international market, supply-side efforts to form a stronger anti- pressure , high dependence on imports effectively resolve to bring energy supply risks. One is to further promote the " going out" strategy to support efforts at the appropriate time more copy CNOOC acquisition of Canadian oil company Nexen kind of success stories ; Second, the domestic shale gas , methanol , ethanol , wind, solar and other non- traditional energy development combine to form a second echelon of China's energy supply ; Third, to further expand the scale of energy reserves , in addition to expansion of oil reserve base , should also be part of the resources to achieve " as used with the mining " requirements.
Again, from the point of view of sustainable development orientation , as long as there is enough recoverable reserves as security of supply , China could enhance energy pricing in the international market during the game emboldened . First, the future of domestic shale gas development priorities should be emphasized that , in addition to emphasis on exploration and technology R & D investment , but in shale gas exploitation is even more important to emphasize gradual, especially to careful awarded licenses ;frac sand Second, from the development cycle economic start, it will start from the initial process of shale gas development environmental protection and water conservation recycling and comprehensive utilization of land resources combine specifically targeting shale gas development on ecology , groundwater, air quality and other aspects venue systematic study of the impact . The third is to strengthen research and development efforts to further enhance the efficiency of shale gas extraction , mining cost effective control .
China's measures to consider
China to promote shale gas development will encounter "acclimatized." From the "water" point of view, China is a country with severe water scarcity, and promote use of
Hydraulic fracturing for shale gas development is also bound to be subject to water restrictions. Meanwhile, from the "earth" point of view, the same shale gas production under Ida area is several times more than conventional natural gas, while China's per capita land area in the world, ranked 110 after shale gas development to bring unbearable pressure area .
For shale gas revolution arising from the restructuring and its impact on international energy stage the priority is to clarify the process for me this change challenges and opportunities, timely adjustment related ideas.
On the one hand, from the perspective of sustainable development, but also to emphasize at this stage shale gas development and utilization of long-term perspective. Shale gas is still a one-time consumption of traditional non-renewable resources, to be more rational use. Thus, to meet the basic needs, based on the domestic energy supply and demand in balance to maintain an appropriate course of "hunger", not only helps to promote energy conservation, but also contribute to a "steady" to extend the exploitation of non-renewable resources lives, to achieve sustainable development goals.
On the other hand, increased efforts to develop shale gas must be emphasized in order. At present China's energy consumption structure, natural gas accounted for only about 4%. In optimizing China's energy structure of the "feast", the shale gas resources only as a "side dish." At this stage, along with China's dependence on foreign oil supplies rising China in the international market pricing process right to speak relatively weak. Thus,Proppant it is imperative to increase the elasticity of supply of domestic oil, and by accelerating the development of shale gas to reduce dependence on foreign oil is not the top priority at this stage to see more than move.
For shale gas revolution arising from the restructuring and its impact on international energy stage the priority is to clarify the process for me this change challenges and opportunities, timely adjustment related ideas.
On the one hand, from the perspective of sustainable development, but also to emphasize at this stage shale gas development and utilization of long-term perspective. Shale gas is still a one-time consumption of traditional non-renewable resources, to be more rational use. Thus, to meet the basic needs, based on the domestic energy supply and demand in balance to maintain an appropriate course of "hunger", not only helps to promote energy conservation, but also contribute to a "steady" to extend the exploitation of non-renewable resources lives, to achieve sustainable development goals.
On the other hand, increased efforts to develop shale gas must be emphasized in order. At present China's energy consumption structure, natural gas accounted for only about 4%. In optimizing China's energy structure of the "feast", the shale gas resources only as a "side dish." At this stage, along with China's dependence on foreign oil supplies rising China in the international market pricing process right to speak relatively weak. Thus,Proppant it is imperative to increase the elasticity of supply of domestic oil, and by accelerating the development of shale gas to reduce dependence on foreign oil is not the top priority at this stage to see more than move.
Wednesday, August 28, 2013
Dollars or as a "commodity currencies"
And this situation in the near future will probably overturn the traditional financial markets one of the most reliable indicators:Ceramic proppant the dollar and crude oil prices inverse correlation.
Generally speaking, the dollar index positive factor for the price of crude oil is often a negative factor. The U.S. oil boom cycle may change into the traditional theory of financial markets.
With U.S. crude oil and natural gas constant growing,Proppant the market has already been proposed in the future whether the dollar will be like the current Australian dollar, Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone as a "commodity currencies", the value of the U.S. dollar and crude oil prices showed a positive correlation relationship.
Oppenheimer (Oppenheimer) Fund Portfolio Manager AlessiodeLongis said, "Energy for the U.S. economy is no longer a cost expenditures,unconventional gas but will be a source of profit, but also to promote employment or."
The manager added, "The future of the U.S. or will become a net exporter of energy and we are already seeing from the financial markets, the dollar and oil correlation is waning."
Generally speaking, the dollar index positive factor for the price of crude oil is often a negative factor. The U.S. oil boom cycle may change into the traditional theory of financial markets.
With U.S. crude oil and natural gas constant growing,Proppant the market has already been proposed in the future whether the dollar will be like the current Australian dollar, Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone as a "commodity currencies", the value of the U.S. dollar and crude oil prices showed a positive correlation relationship.
Oppenheimer (Oppenheimer) Fund Portfolio Manager AlessiodeLongis said, "Energy for the U.S. economy is no longer a cost expenditures,unconventional gas but will be a source of profit, but also to promote employment or."
The manager added, "The future of the U.S. or will become a net exporter of energy and we are already seeing from the financial markets, the dollar and oil correlation is waning."
Energy revolution to overturn the traditional theory
For years, the U.S. has been the world's largest importer of crude oil. This not only severely exacerbated the U.S. trade deficit,unconventional gas but also pose a threat to its energy security. U.S. President Barack Obama so committed to the full realization of "energy independence", including the 2020 U.S. crude oil imports will be reduced by half and increased oil development efforts.
Production of crude oil to the United States play a direct role in promoting is the technology continues to progress. Especially after 20 years of exploration, the U.S. oil and gas exploration industry mastered the core technology of hydraulic fracturing,frac sand the shale oil and gas exploration breakthrough.
According to UBS AG (UBS) predicts that by 2020, U.S. oil production from the current 900 million barrels per day up to 1200 barrels of oil the United States imports from the current 900 million barrels per day to 800 million barrels to reduce . According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts that by 2035, Middle East oil production from 2600 barrels per day up to 3500 million barrels,frac proppant the former Soviet Union from 1400 up to 1700 barrels barrels barrels in Latin America from 1100 rose to 1400 million barrels, Canada increased from 400 million barrels to 700 million barrels. According to current trends, the United States will surpass Saudi Arabia in the next decade to become the world's largest oil producer.
Production of crude oil to the United States play a direct role in promoting is the technology continues to progress. Especially after 20 years of exploration, the U.S. oil and gas exploration industry mastered the core technology of hydraulic fracturing,frac sand the shale oil and gas exploration breakthrough.
According to UBS AG (UBS) predicts that by 2020, U.S. oil production from the current 900 million barrels per day up to 1200 barrels of oil the United States imports from the current 900 million barrels per day to 800 million barrels to reduce . According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts that by 2035, Middle East oil production from 2600 barrels per day up to 3500 million barrels,frac proppant the former Soviet Union from 1400 up to 1700 barrels barrels barrels in Latin America from 1100 rose to 1400 million barrels, Canada increased from 400 million barrels to 700 million barrels. According to current trends, the United States will surpass Saudi Arabia in the next decade to become the world's largest oil producer.
Environmental pollution caused by shale gas must be strictly EIA
By the end of 2012 , China conducted a second round of MLR bustling shale gas exploration bidding .Fracturing proppant However, according to media reports , compared to the previous spectacle successful business in the new shale gas exploration and development of the actual input level as yet no substantive .
It is understood , including shale gas exploration, drilling , well completion process , the core technology is horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing . World-renowned consulting firm Accenture released a report earlier , generally required for drilling and fracturing 18,927,000 liters of water , the equivalent of 1,000 trucks transported water . In addition to a huge amount of water , shale gas extraction wastewater generated contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals , salt , and a hundred kinds of chemical substances,ceramic ball if the infusion or perfusion layer below the requirements of the inappropriate choice will result in groundwater contamination .
" After all, drill into underground shale gas , drill through multiple aquifer" , ten thousand too that shale gas does cause risk of groundwater contamination . He also disclosed that the current Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences , Center for Environmental Assessment and other environmental research institutes under the Ministry of the Environment has developed the pros and cons of shale gas analysis report presenting the ministry .
Chinese population density, water scarcity and uneven distribution of seasonal water shortages distinctive characteristics. The concentrated distribution of shale gas in Sichuan , Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi and other regions, the complex geological conditions , underground river caves and more, increasing the difficulty of groundwater pollution prevention and control .
In ten thousand too seems to control the risk of groundwater contamination in shale gas development project before the environmental impact assessment must be carried out strictly on the possible water bodies, air and other environmental factors cause the system to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risks . " If necessary, can also be international cooperation , learn from foreign research experience ."
In fact, the environmental risks of shale gas development and development concerns enthusiasm almost simultaneously . Some observers have pointed out here , from the Chinese " hydraulic fracturing shale gas development plan ( 2011-2015 ) " , the current land, energy and other management department of shale gas development to the environment , ecology and human health impacts of inadequate consideration and recommended from the environmental efficiency of resources , ecological environment carrying capacity and environmental optimization of the level of risk , and many other shale gas development plan , good for sensitive targets avoidance and protection measures .
It is understood , including shale gas exploration, drilling , well completion process , the core technology is horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing . World-renowned consulting firm Accenture released a report earlier , generally required for drilling and fracturing 18,927,000 liters of water , the equivalent of 1,000 trucks transported water . In addition to a huge amount of water , shale gas extraction wastewater generated contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals , salt , and a hundred kinds of chemical substances,ceramic ball if the infusion or perfusion layer below the requirements of the inappropriate choice will result in groundwater contamination .
" After all, drill into underground shale gas , drill through multiple aquifer" , ten thousand too that shale gas does cause risk of groundwater contamination . He also disclosed that the current Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences , Center for Environmental Assessment and other environmental research institutes under the Ministry of the Environment has developed the pros and cons of shale gas analysis report presenting the ministry .
Chinese population density, water scarcity and uneven distribution of seasonal water shortages distinctive characteristics. The concentrated distribution of shale gas in Sichuan , Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi and other regions, the complex geological conditions , underground river caves and more, increasing the difficulty of groundwater pollution prevention and control .
In ten thousand too seems to control the risk of groundwater contamination in shale gas development project before the environmental impact assessment must be carried out strictly on the possible water bodies, air and other environmental factors cause the system to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risks . " If necessary, can also be international cooperation , learn from foreign research experience ."
In fact, the environmental risks of shale gas development and development concerns enthusiasm almost simultaneously . Some observers have pointed out here , from the Chinese " hydraulic fracturing shale gas development plan ( 2011-2015 ) " , the current land, energy and other management department of shale gas development to the environment , ecology and human health impacts of inadequate consideration and recommended from the environmental efficiency of resources , ecological environment carrying capacity and environmental optimization of the level of risk , and many other shale gas development plan , good for sensitive targets avoidance and protection measures .
Tuesday, August 27, 2013
IEA: Global oil market is experiencing a " supply shock"
International Energy Agency (IEA) recently released in London for the next five years, " interim oil market outlook,"Hydraulic fracturing the report expected, due to the North American crude oil production continues to grow at a record pace , and the refining capacity in emerging markets is expected to exceed demand , the global oil market is experiencing positive " supply shock ."
IEA noted that the explosion of shale oil and gas development has become the 21st century a new round of " Gold Rush " , North America 's achievements in this field should be affirmed. " For a long time , 150 years ago to become the cradle of the American oil industry worldwide are experiencing seemingly irreversible decline, but the emergence of shale gas is suddenly standing in the mature economies of the world's oil and gas center stage ." .
In the relatively remote , located in the U.S. Great Plains , North Dakota , this emerging industry with great explosiveness to create tens of billions of dollars in profits and thousands of jobs. "North American shale oil and gas development with the release of the ' supply shock ' will become a global ripples ." IEA Executive Officer Maria Fande He Wen conference, said in the report .
IEA said the next five years , this " supply shock" will completely change the market structure , its influence " as much as the past 15 years China has brought to the market demand continues to increase the impact of " North America will be a huge appetite for energy imports region into is a strong exporter .
Last November , IEA had predicted , the rise of the shale industry , the United States is expected in 2017 to become the world 's largest oil producer . However, the development of shale oil and gas blowout is also accompanied by a variety of questions , environmentalists accuse fracking is deadly impact on the environment , as well as people believe the massive development of shale resources will trigger an earthquake .
But opposition Nanzu shale industry giant strides forward . IEA in the report predicts that by 2018, the average daily supply of crude oil in North America in 2012 on the basis of increased 390 million barrels, while all non -OPEC countries over the same period the growth rate would be for no more than 600 million barrels / day. " But the United States does not mean that all of the yield strength ." Report stressed that " traditional OPEC 's oil production over the next five years will also have a considerable increase ."
OPEC production capacity accounted for 35% of global oil production , the report predicts that by 2018 , OPEC crude oil output will increase overall 3675 million barrels, while the current actual production capacity of 3,000 b / d under the sky . In addition , the report also slightly raised its 2013 global oil demand to 9060 barrels / day. At the same time ,fracturing proppant thanks to the strong performance in North America , non-OPEC countries in 2013 is expected to average daily oil production higher than previously forecast 5 million barrels to 5450 barrels / day.
IEA noted that the explosion of shale oil and gas development has become the 21st century a new round of " Gold Rush " , North America 's achievements in this field should be affirmed. " For a long time , 150 years ago to become the cradle of the American oil industry worldwide are experiencing seemingly irreversible decline, but the emergence of shale gas is suddenly standing in the mature economies of the world's oil and gas center stage ." .
In the relatively remote , located in the U.S. Great Plains , North Dakota , this emerging industry with great explosiveness to create tens of billions of dollars in profits and thousands of jobs. "North American shale oil and gas development with the release of the ' supply shock ' will become a global ripples ." IEA Executive Officer Maria Fande He Wen conference, said in the report .
IEA said the next five years , this " supply shock" will completely change the market structure , its influence " as much as the past 15 years China has brought to the market demand continues to increase the impact of " North America will be a huge appetite for energy imports region into is a strong exporter .
Last November , IEA had predicted , the rise of the shale industry , the United States is expected in 2017 to become the world 's largest oil producer . However, the development of shale oil and gas blowout is also accompanied by a variety of questions , environmentalists accuse fracking is deadly impact on the environment , as well as people believe the massive development of shale resources will trigger an earthquake .
But opposition Nanzu shale industry giant strides forward . IEA in the report predicts that by 2018, the average daily supply of crude oil in North America in 2012 on the basis of increased 390 million barrels, while all non -OPEC countries over the same period the growth rate would be for no more than 600 million barrels / day. " But the United States does not mean that all of the yield strength ." Report stressed that " traditional OPEC 's oil production over the next five years will also have a considerable increase ."
OPEC production capacity accounted for 35% of global oil production , the report predicts that by 2018 , OPEC crude oil output will increase overall 3675 million barrels, while the current actual production capacity of 3,000 b / d under the sky . In addition , the report also slightly raised its 2013 global oil demand to 9060 barrels / day. At the same time ,fracturing proppant thanks to the strong performance in North America , non-OPEC countries in 2013 is expected to average daily oil production higher than previously forecast 5 million barrels to 5450 barrels / day.
Several hundred billion dollar market to be discovered
In February this year, on behalf of the United States more than 500 oil and gas companies approved by the American Petroleum Institute called on the Department of
shale gas exports is estimated that from 2015 to 2035, the export of natural gas for the U.S. contribution of $ 700 billion economic growth and create 213,000 annually for the United States jobs.
Analysts believe that the emergence of new drilling techniques to promote the U.S. natural gas output, but also to promote transportation and storage of natural gas companies to expand investment in infrastructure for natural gas liquefaction and storage. Infrastructure engineering and construction spending growth will allow businesses to benefit.
In fact, the U.S. energy infrastructure sector has been the opportunity to capture some investors.Frac sand The SEC recently released position report, "Warren" Buffett's Berkshire helm of the first quarter of this year, the newly acquired 650 million shares of Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company (NYSE: CBI) shares. Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company is the world's leading engineering, procurement and construction business, primarily focused on the energy sector projects. Currently Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company customers include some of the world's largest energy companies, such as BP, Exxon Mobil and other. The company's share price rose 20 percent last month, has risen 35 percent this year.
The U.S. market and other major energy infrastructure projects such companies recently have good performance. Foster Wheeler (Nasdaq: FWLT) shares rose 8 percent over the past month.fracturing proppant The company in the petrochemical, engineering, global leader in the construction field.
Analysts believe that the emergence of new drilling techniques to promote the U.S. natural gas output, but also to promote transportation and storage of natural gas companies to expand investment in infrastructure for natural gas liquefaction and storage. Infrastructure engineering and construction spending growth will allow businesses to benefit.
In fact, the U.S. energy infrastructure sector has been the opportunity to capture some investors.Frac sand The SEC recently released position report, "Warren" Buffett's Berkshire helm of the first quarter of this year, the newly acquired 650 million shares of Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company (NYSE: CBI) shares. Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company is the world's leading engineering, procurement and construction business, primarily focused on the energy sector projects. Currently Chicago Bridge Iron and Steel Company customers include some of the world's largest energy companies, such as BP, Exxon Mobil and other. The company's share price rose 20 percent last month, has risen 35 percent this year.
The U.S. market and other major energy infrastructure projects such companies recently have good performance. Foster Wheeler (Nasdaq: FWLT) shares rose 8 percent over the past month.fracturing proppant The company in the petrochemical, engineering, global leader in the construction field.
US energy output growth spurt
Thanks to advances in technology, the U.S. oil and gas production have increased significantly .shale gas Overall, U.S. crude oil ( 106.62,0.20,0.19 % ) Average daily production increased from 500 million barrels in 2008 rose to 720 million barrels in February of this year , an increase of nearly 50%. Only the second-largest U.S. energy -producing state , North Dakota , for example, in North Dakota in 2004 the average monthly oil production was 2,000 barrels , and has now reached 2.5 million barrels. Natural gas , in 2007 the U.S. shale gas production accounts for 6% of natural gas production in 2012 reached 40%.
The U.S. natural gas costs only one-fifth of Asia , a huge cost advantage to promote the production of a number of energy companies to return to the United States . Currently include ExxonMobil , including many large exploration and production companies have continued to increase shale oil and shale gas development investment. According to U.S. media reported on the 28th , the last few years GE has been in the oil and gas business into $ 15 billion , the company also announced last month in Oklahoma to establish a research center develops Hydraulic fracturing technology to improve the safety of oil and gas production , efficiency and stability.
In addition the U.S. government decided to begin exporting to other countries, some natural gas, also contributed to the U.S. domestic transportation, storage infrastructure. U.S. Department of Energy recently conditionally approved LNG terminal in Hong Kong - Freeport to sign a free trade agreement is not national export liquefied natural gas. Previously only Chenier U.S. energy company (Cheniere Energy) is located in Louisiana LNG export projects are licensed to the world's largest liquefied natural gas exports to Japan and other importing countries .
The industry generally believe that the U.S. move marks the U.S. Department of Energy's new LNG export potential is expanding. Right now the U.S. Department of Energy is reviewing at least 19 new LNG terminal construction applications , it is learned within a few months may be approved for a project in Texas . And if these projects are all licensed , these terminals will be daily exports more than 25 billion cubic feet of natural gas ,frac sand companies equivalent to U.S. domestic natural gas consumption more than a third . Earlier, U.S. President Barack Obama has indicated that by 2020 the U.S. could become a net exporter of natural gas .
The U.S. natural gas costs only one-fifth of Asia , a huge cost advantage to promote the production of a number of energy companies to return to the United States . Currently include ExxonMobil , including many large exploration and production companies have continued to increase shale oil and shale gas development investment. According to U.S. media reported on the 28th , the last few years GE has been in the oil and gas business into $ 15 billion , the company also announced last month in Oklahoma to establish a research center develops Hydraulic fracturing technology to improve the safety of oil and gas production , efficiency and stability.
In addition the U.S. government decided to begin exporting to other countries, some natural gas, also contributed to the U.S. domestic transportation, storage infrastructure. U.S. Department of Energy recently conditionally approved LNG terminal in Hong Kong - Freeport to sign a free trade agreement is not national export liquefied natural gas. Previously only Chenier U.S. energy company (Cheniere Energy) is located in Louisiana LNG export projects are licensed to the world's largest liquefied natural gas exports to Japan and other importing countries .
The industry generally believe that the U.S. move marks the U.S. Department of Energy's new LNG export potential is expanding. Right now the U.S. Department of Energy is reviewing at least 19 new LNG terminal construction applications , it is learned within a few months may be approved for a project in Texas . And if these projects are all licensed , these terminals will be daily exports more than 25 billion cubic feet of natural gas ,frac sand companies equivalent to U.S. domestic natural gas consumption more than a third . Earlier, U.S. President Barack Obama has indicated that by 2020 the U.S. could become a net exporter of natural gas .
Crude super cycle end
May 23, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke (Ben Bernanke) in the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee was specifically asked if and when it will resume quantitative easing (QE), he said the Fed will start to decrease in the coming months buy programs.Frac sand On the same day the Fed announced the latest meeting showed the Fed is also intense internal debate when it should recover the loose.
According to Buffett previous warning, first issued once the Fed to stop the debt purchase, or start to reduce the balance sheet, in terms of liquidity would be a danger signal.
With the sound of "shots", the world's major stock markets, commodity markets, "shot", fell sharply. Among them, the New York Mercantile Exchange, light sweet crude for July delivery futures on London's ICE Futures Europe exchange in July Brent crude futures for delivery in price declines, respectively, 2% and 1.3%. And since February 2013, the international oil prices continued to fall, Brent oil prices have fallen by 15%.
International oil prices in July 2008 reached 147 U.S. dollars / barrel record high after several twists and turns, ups and downs, both in the 2009 financial crisis led to $ 46 a barrel diving, there are also rebounded in 2012 to $ 128 a barrel. But anyway, before 2008,Proppant international oil prices continued to rise in recent years could not reproduce unilateral.
"2013 will sound the death knell commodity super cycle and to promote the market into the next decade." May 20, in the latest issue Citibank commodities research report, China's economic growth slowed, stocks and interactive commodities weakening U.S. dollar and other factors, marked "commodity super cycle end."
Relative to other commodities, crude oil in addition to the factors mentioned above, a new industrial revolution and energy supply - shale oil, electric cars will accelerate the development of technologies such as the end of its extended period.
On the supply side, the U.S. shale oil and shale gas technology development is brewing a new revolution in energy supply. International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted the U.S. will become the world's largest oil-producing countries and to achieve a net exporter of oil, which in turn achieve energy independence. On the demand side, the financial crisis, the world's major developed economies is still not back to normal recovery track, China and other emerging market countries, economic growth has slowed down than before the crisis. In addition to Tesla (Tesla) as the representative of electric cars and other technological advances, then make a structural decline in demand for oil.
Supply and demand is likely to increase in the relative weakness in the background, even in the face of international crude oil prices tend to fluctuate more risk events, and in the long term will be entering a downward cycle.
According to Buffett previous warning, first issued once the Fed to stop the debt purchase, or start to reduce the balance sheet, in terms of liquidity would be a danger signal.
With the sound of "shots", the world's major stock markets, commodity markets, "shot", fell sharply. Among them, the New York Mercantile Exchange, light sweet crude for July delivery futures on London's ICE Futures Europe exchange in July Brent crude futures for delivery in price declines, respectively, 2% and 1.3%. And since February 2013, the international oil prices continued to fall, Brent oil prices have fallen by 15%.
International oil prices in July 2008 reached 147 U.S. dollars / barrel record high after several twists and turns, ups and downs, both in the 2009 financial crisis led to $ 46 a barrel diving, there are also rebounded in 2012 to $ 128 a barrel. But anyway, before 2008,Proppant international oil prices continued to rise in recent years could not reproduce unilateral.
"2013 will sound the death knell commodity super cycle and to promote the market into the next decade." May 20, in the latest issue Citibank commodities research report, China's economic growth slowed, stocks and interactive commodities weakening U.S. dollar and other factors, marked "commodity super cycle end."
Relative to other commodities, crude oil in addition to the factors mentioned above, a new industrial revolution and energy supply - shale oil, electric cars will accelerate the development of technologies such as the end of its extended period.
On the supply side, the U.S. shale oil and shale gas technology development is brewing a new revolution in energy supply. International Energy Agency (IEA) predicted the U.S. will become the world's largest oil-producing countries and to achieve a net exporter of oil, which in turn achieve energy independence. On the demand side, the financial crisis, the world's major developed economies is still not back to normal recovery track, China and other emerging market countries, economic growth has slowed down than before the crisis. In addition to Tesla (Tesla) as the representative of electric cars and other technological advances, then make a structural decline in demand for oil.
Supply and demand is likely to increase in the relative weakness in the background, even in the face of international crude oil prices tend to fluctuate more risk events, and in the long term will be entering a downward cycle.
Recovery of crude oil supply demand no longer have
Prior to 2008 bull market is heavily influenced by crude oil supplies shrinking effect, which mainly includes the OPEC (OPEC) countries, Iraq and Venezuela produce crashes, and other non-OPEC output slump.Fracturing proppant Technology and production quotas are direct factors affecting crude oil production, but CNOOC Energy Economics Institute chief researcher Chen Weidong on "Securities Market Weekly" said that a country's oil production in the most fundamental determinants of the country's institutional arrangements.
Year after year into the war in Iraq and the political system "fault", largely hindered the development of the oil industry. But now, the Iraqi oil industry gradually restored, oil production reached 300 million barrels, higher than the 2003 level before the U.S. invasion; May exports 2.5 million barrels, the equivalent of Iran's 2011 Japanese export levels. Iraq expects the country in 2013 is expected to surpass Iran to become OPEC's second largest oil producer, and the ability to double production in five years, reaching 600 million barrels / day. If Iraq continues to increase production, supply and further substantial increase in the low oil prices.
According to data released by OPEC, Venezuela as of the end of 2012 has proven crude oil reserves of 2,976 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves of the world's largest country. However, during the reign of former President Chavez refused to increase investment in exploration of new oil fields, oil production in Venezuela in recent years led to a downward trend, from 3.5 million barrels in 2000 fell to 2.5 million barrels in 2011.ceramic ball The newly elected President Maduro promised to increase investment in the oil industry, the country's oil production in the post-Chavez era is also expected to recover.
U.S. shale oil technology advances is giving non-OPEC countries, and the world's largest ever oil supply to bring progress. U.S. Department of Energy estimates, the United States will make the exploitation of shale oil increased by more than 700,000 barrels per day of crude oil, crude oil production in 2013 will reach 700 million barrels per day.
According to market estimates, the U.S. shale oil production costs in the $ 44 to $ 68 per barrel between the barrel of oil is much higher than normal production cost of about $ 20. However, the exploitation of shale oil is less than $ 6 variable costs, depreciation key is relatively too large, the current depreciation in barrels of oil equivalent of about $ 20. However, the U.S. Department of Energy noted that with horizontal drilling,frac sand companies hydraulic fracturing technology uses, shale oil exploration and development will be a major breakthrough, the cost will be further reduced.
Russian tight oil offshore oil reserves of 1,000 billion barrels, not only to help Russia in 2012 continued to maintain world oil output superpower, Russia's future is also regarded as a major source of oil production upgrade. Russia is sitting offshore oilfield shale oil development, although not as active U.S., but Rosneft (Rosneft) has been with ExxonMobil signed a regional development in Western Siberia oil shale agreement to achieve a major breakthrough.
Citibank released a report that the negative impact of oil producing countries export factors have been reversed over the next decade will be in Brent oil prices may 80-90 U.S. dollars / barrel between the two.
When increasing the supply of crude oil, the global economy is still not back to normal state, which led to slower growth in oil demand.
Year after year into the war in Iraq and the political system "fault", largely hindered the development of the oil industry. But now, the Iraqi oil industry gradually restored, oil production reached 300 million barrels, higher than the 2003 level before the U.S. invasion; May exports 2.5 million barrels, the equivalent of Iran's 2011 Japanese export levels. Iraq expects the country in 2013 is expected to surpass Iran to become OPEC's second largest oil producer, and the ability to double production in five years, reaching 600 million barrels / day. If Iraq continues to increase production, supply and further substantial increase in the low oil prices.
According to data released by OPEC, Venezuela as of the end of 2012 has proven crude oil reserves of 2,976 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves of the world's largest country. However, during the reign of former President Chavez refused to increase investment in exploration of new oil fields, oil production in Venezuela in recent years led to a downward trend, from 3.5 million barrels in 2000 fell to 2.5 million barrels in 2011.ceramic ball The newly elected President Maduro promised to increase investment in the oil industry, the country's oil production in the post-Chavez era is also expected to recover.
U.S. shale oil technology advances is giving non-OPEC countries, and the world's largest ever oil supply to bring progress. U.S. Department of Energy estimates, the United States will make the exploitation of shale oil increased by more than 700,000 barrels per day of crude oil, crude oil production in 2013 will reach 700 million barrels per day.
According to market estimates, the U.S. shale oil production costs in the $ 44 to $ 68 per barrel between the barrel of oil is much higher than normal production cost of about $ 20. However, the exploitation of shale oil is less than $ 6 variable costs, depreciation key is relatively too large, the current depreciation in barrels of oil equivalent of about $ 20. However, the U.S. Department of Energy noted that with horizontal drilling,frac sand companies hydraulic fracturing technology uses, shale oil exploration and development will be a major breakthrough, the cost will be further reduced.
Russian tight oil offshore oil reserves of 1,000 billion barrels, not only to help Russia in 2012 continued to maintain world oil output superpower, Russia's future is also regarded as a major source of oil production upgrade. Russia is sitting offshore oilfield shale oil development, although not as active U.S., but Rosneft (Rosneft) has been with ExxonMobil signed a regional development in Western Siberia oil shale agreement to achieve a major breakthrough.
Citibank released a report that the negative impact of oil producing countries export factors have been reversed over the next decade will be in Brent oil prices may 80-90 U.S. dollars / barrel between the two.
When increasing the supply of crude oil, the global economy is still not back to normal state, which led to slower growth in oil demand.
OPEC to keep oil production ceiling of 30 million barrels a day
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries kept its current oil-production ceiling at 30 million barrels a day Friday in a widely expected move that members described as an easy decision.unconventional gas But concerns about the growing threat from shale oil overshadowed the group's otherwise smooth meeting.
OPEC ministers in an open session before their meeting in Vienna almost universally dismissed the notion that growing U.S. shale oil production threatened to reduce their oil revenues, but behind closed doors the countries suffering the worst effects of the American boom pressed the group to address the problem, said people present.
They got little in return for their efforts; however, as OPEC's Secretary General, Abdalla Salem el-Badri, promised the group would launch a study of the effect of shale oil on its members,fracturing proppant but ultimately said it was up to the affected individual countries to seek out new markets on their own.
The rift over the scale of the threat highlights how shale oil's uneven impact on its members is already setting them against one another.
OPEC's decision not to change its 30 million barrel-a-day production ceiling--which has been consistently exceeded since it was agreed to in December 2011--comes as most ministers said they were satisfied with current prices, but rising oil output in North America threatens to erode demand for OPEC's crude.
U.S. oil production has risen to a 21-year high, thanks to oil unearthed from shale rock formations beneath the plains of Texas and North Dakota by a new combination of technologies called Hydraulic fracturing. OPEC's own analysts forecast that demand for its oil will fall by 400,000 barrels a day this year.
Three African OPEC members that produce oil of similar grade to U.S. shale oil--Nigeria, Algeria and Angola--have suffered the worst effects. They collectively saw their shipments to the U.S. fall by 41% from 2011 to 2012, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
These countries rebuffed the threat of shale oil to reporters at the start of the OPEC meeting.
OPEC ministers in an open session before their meeting in Vienna almost universally dismissed the notion that growing U.S. shale oil production threatened to reduce their oil revenues, but behind closed doors the countries suffering the worst effects of the American boom pressed the group to address the problem, said people present.
They got little in return for their efforts; however, as OPEC's Secretary General, Abdalla Salem el-Badri, promised the group would launch a study of the effect of shale oil on its members,fracturing proppant but ultimately said it was up to the affected individual countries to seek out new markets on their own.
The rift over the scale of the threat highlights how shale oil's uneven impact on its members is already setting them against one another.
OPEC's decision not to change its 30 million barrel-a-day production ceiling--which has been consistently exceeded since it was agreed to in December 2011--comes as most ministers said they were satisfied with current prices, but rising oil output in North America threatens to erode demand for OPEC's crude.
U.S. oil production has risen to a 21-year high, thanks to oil unearthed from shale rock formations beneath the plains of Texas and North Dakota by a new combination of technologies called Hydraulic fracturing. OPEC's own analysts forecast that demand for its oil will fall by 400,000 barrels a day this year.
Three African OPEC members that produce oil of similar grade to U.S. shale oil--Nigeria, Algeria and Angola--have suffered the worst effects. They collectively saw their shipments to the U.S. fall by 41% from 2011 to 2012, according to data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
These countries rebuffed the threat of shale oil to reporters at the start of the OPEC meeting.
Shale gas exploitation of groundwater pollution prevention and control difficult
shale gas triggered by the "energy revolution" Masamori momentum, while mining the enormous water consumption, groundwater pollution problems began quietly affecting people's nerves. Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection Engineer ten thousand too recently in Beijing, said the ministry has not yet received the current shale gas project environmental impact assessment application, but any future development project must strictly carry out environmental impact assessment. Late last year, China conducted a second round of MLR bustling shale gas exploration bidding. However, according to media reports, compared to the previous spectacle successful business in the new shale gas exploration and development of the actual input level as yet no substantive. It is understood, including shale gas exploration, drilling, well completion process, the core technology is horizontal drilling and
Hydraulic fracturing. World-renowned consulting firm Accenture released a report earlier, generally required for drilling and fracturing 18,927,000 liters of water, the equivalent of 1,000 trucks transported water. In addition to a huge amount of water, shale gas extraction wastewater generated contains hydrocarbons, heavy metals, salt, and a hundred kinds of chemical substances, if the infusion or perfusion layer below the requirements of the inappropriate choice will result in groundwater contamination.
"After all, drill into underground shale gas, drill through multiple aquifers." Ten thousand too that shale gas does cause risk of groundwater contamination. He also disclosed that the current Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Center for Environmental Assessment and other environmental research institutes under the Ministry of the Environment has developed the pros and cons of shale gas analysis report presenting the ministry. Chinese population density, water scarcity and uneven distribution of seasonal water shortages distinctive characteristics. The concentrated distribution of shale gas in Sichuan, Chongqing,frac sand Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi and other regions, the complex geological conditions, underground river caves and more, increasing the difficulty of groundwater pollution prevention and control. In ten thousand too seems to control the risk of groundwater contamination in shale gas development project before the environmental impact assessment must be carried out strictly on the possible water bodies, air and other environmental factors cause the system to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risks. "If necessary, can also be international cooperation, learn from foreign research experience."
"After all, drill into underground shale gas, drill through multiple aquifers." Ten thousand too that shale gas does cause risk of groundwater contamination. He also disclosed that the current Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, Center for Environmental Assessment and other environmental research institutes under the Ministry of the Environment has developed the pros and cons of shale gas analysis report presenting the ministry. Chinese population density, water scarcity and uneven distribution of seasonal water shortages distinctive characteristics. The concentrated distribution of shale gas in Sichuan, Chongqing,frac sand Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi and other regions, the complex geological conditions, underground river caves and more, increasing the difficulty of groundwater pollution prevention and control. In ten thousand too seems to control the risk of groundwater contamination in shale gas development project before the environmental impact assessment must be carried out strictly on the possible water bodies, air and other environmental factors cause the system to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risks. "If necessary, can also be international cooperation, learn from foreign research experience."
British Petroleum intends to invest $ 1 billion oil field in Alaska
British Petroleum, said last month approved the company's tax breaks, which is to promote its reason for this investment. Currently, BP is Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska (Prudhoe Bay) oilfield operators,Ceramic proppant whose shareholders include Exxon Mobil (XOM) and ConocoPhillips (COP) and other oil giants. BP said the company will increase drilling equipment, upgrading of existing facilities, and will create 200 new Alaska jobs.
In the past period of time, the region's crude oil production has been in decline. Alaska crude oil and natural gas company lowered its taxes, continue to press for a 35% rate of tax the profits of these companies, and also canceled a system, in this system, crude oil prices rose when the company required to pay the tax will increase.
British Petroleum also added that other shareholders also supported the company in western Prudhoe Bay $ 3 billion additional investment, expand the new development work. Prudhoe Bay oil and gas production in the late 1980s, reached a peak, and then have been in decline. If the region's oil and gas production continues to decline, then the cross-Alaska oil pipeline will face the risk of being shut down.
Prudhoe Bay is the largest oil field, but oil and gas companies have been focusing on new opportunities, and focus its efforts in North Dakota and Texas and other areas to conduct business. In these areas, oil and gas companies can use fracking shale oil and shale gas. Alaska is America's fourth-largest oil-producing states, Oklahoma ranked sub-ah before, but after California.
Shale oil shale refers to the shale oil resources contained in the Department. Including pores and cracks in the shale oil, including mud shale lines or dense carbonate and clastic rocks adjacent layer sandwich of oil resources. Usually effective development approach to horizontal wells and staged hydraulic fracturing technology. In the field of solid mineral oil is a synthetic oil shale, oil shale retorting is thermal decomposition of organic matter generated when a brownish, with special pungent odor, viscous liquid product.
Some critics have pointed out that the State of Alaska for oil and gas companies implement tax relief bill is a "free gift" will cause the state continues to face a deficit. Critics also said that oil and gas companies have touted those items had been commenced.
In the past period of time, the region's crude oil production has been in decline. Alaska crude oil and natural gas company lowered its taxes, continue to press for a 35% rate of tax the profits of these companies, and also canceled a system, in this system, crude oil prices rose when the company required to pay the tax will increase.
British Petroleum also added that other shareholders also supported the company in western Prudhoe Bay $ 3 billion additional investment, expand the new development work. Prudhoe Bay oil and gas production in the late 1980s, reached a peak, and then have been in decline. If the region's oil and gas production continues to decline, then the cross-Alaska oil pipeline will face the risk of being shut down.
Prudhoe Bay is the largest oil field, but oil and gas companies have been focusing on new opportunities, and focus its efforts in North Dakota and Texas and other areas to conduct business. In these areas, oil and gas companies can use fracking shale oil and shale gas. Alaska is America's fourth-largest oil-producing states, Oklahoma ranked sub-ah before, but after California.
Shale oil shale refers to the shale oil resources contained in the Department. Including pores and cracks in the shale oil, including mud shale lines or dense carbonate and clastic rocks adjacent layer sandwich of oil resources. Usually effective development approach to horizontal wells and staged hydraulic fracturing technology. In the field of solid mineral oil is a synthetic oil shale, oil shale retorting is thermal decomposition of organic matter generated when a brownish, with special pungent odor, viscous liquid product.
Some critics have pointed out that the State of Alaska for oil and gas companies implement tax relief bill is a "free gift" will cause the state continues to face a deficit. Critics also said that oil and gas companies have touted those items had been commenced.
Sunday, August 25, 2013
Safeguards for shale gas exploration
3, the establishment of new mechanisms for shale gas exploration and development
Accelerate the introduction of powerful enterprises to participate shale gas exploration and development,Hydraulic fracturing and promote the diversification of investors. While barriers to entry and qualifications to develop and promote tenements bidding system, block exit mechanism and contract management, substantial increase in the minimum exploration investment, to eliminate "staking" and so on. Oil and gas, coal bed methane exploration and development of mining tenements shall comprehensive range of shale gas resources. Shale gas exploration and development to work with other solid mineral mining, exploration area ready interrelated and coordinated handle overlapping mining rights to ensure safety in production. Engaged in shale gas exploration and development company, after pre-review of the Ministry of Land, by the National Development and Reform Commission reported to the State Council for approval, with experienced foreign companies, Proppantthe introduction of shale gas exploration and development technologies. Shale gas exploration and development to further improve the regulatory mechanism.
4, the implementation of policies to encourage shale gas industry
CBM financial subsidy policy with reference to study the development of shale gas specific subsidy policies; legally acquired shale gas prospecting and mining rights or mining exploration and mining rights the applicant may apply for a waiver in accordance with the relevant provisions of shale gas exploration and mining rights user fees; shale gas exploration and development projects encouraged by the importing country can not be produced under the self-use equipment (including with equipment imported technologies), according to the relevant provisions of customs duties;frac sand companies shale gas prices to implement market pricing; priority land use approval .
Accelerate the introduction of powerful enterprises to participate shale gas exploration and development,Hydraulic fracturing and promote the diversification of investors. While barriers to entry and qualifications to develop and promote tenements bidding system, block exit mechanism and contract management, substantial increase in the minimum exploration investment, to eliminate "staking" and so on. Oil and gas, coal bed methane exploration and development of mining tenements shall comprehensive range of shale gas resources. Shale gas exploration and development to work with other solid mineral mining, exploration area ready interrelated and coordinated handle overlapping mining rights to ensure safety in production. Engaged in shale gas exploration and development company, after pre-review of the Ministry of Land, by the National Development and Reform Commission reported to the State Council for approval, with experienced foreign companies, Proppantthe introduction of shale gas exploration and development technologies. Shale gas exploration and development to further improve the regulatory mechanism.
4, the implementation of policies to encourage shale gas industry
CBM financial subsidy policy with reference to study the development of shale gas specific subsidy policies; legally acquired shale gas prospecting and mining rights or mining exploration and mining rights the applicant may apply for a waiver in accordance with the relevant provisions of shale gas exploration and mining rights user fees; shale gas exploration and development projects encouraged by the importing country can not be produced under the self-use equipment (including with equipment imported technologies), according to the relevant provisions of customs duties;frac sand companies shale gas prices to implement market pricing; priority land use approval .
Safeguards for shale gas exploration
1, increase the state shale gas resources survey and evaluation of capital investment
Investigation and assessment of shale gas and the establishment of special national survey, one to carry out investigation and assessment of shale gas resources and potential evaluation;shale gas two preferred target is to carry out shale gas exploration technology research and demonstration; three shale gas geological theory is to carry out research and international cooperation and exchange.
2, increase the shale gas exploration and development technology scientific and technological research
Through the national science and technology major projects, etc., increase the shale gas exploration and development efforts to support research related to the "large-scale oil and gas fields and coal bed methane development," major projects will be "shale gas exploration and development of key technologies" as a key project, additional "shale gas exploration and development demonstration project."fracturing proppant Strengthening national energy shale gas development (experimental) centers and other shale gas key laboratory construction, the establishment of high-level personnel training and academic exchange base. Encourage domestic enterprises and foreign research institutes and institutions to carry out joint exploration and development of key technology research, through the introduction of foreign technology and other services, and cooperation with foreign countries, absorbing foreign advanced mature technology, the formation of exploration and development with Chinese characteristics,Ceramic proppant the core technology.
Investigation and assessment of shale gas and the establishment of special national survey, one to carry out investigation and assessment of shale gas resources and potential evaluation;shale gas two preferred target is to carry out shale gas exploration technology research and demonstration; three shale gas geological theory is to carry out research and international cooperation and exchange.
2, increase the shale gas exploration and development technology scientific and technological research
Through the national science and technology major projects, etc., increase the shale gas exploration and development efforts to support research related to the "large-scale oil and gas fields and coal bed methane development," major projects will be "shale gas exploration and development of key technologies" as a key project, additional "shale gas exploration and development demonstration project."fracturing proppant Strengthening national energy shale gas development (experimental) centers and other shale gas key laboratory construction, the establishment of high-level personnel training and academic exchange base. Encourage domestic enterprises and foreign research institutes and institutions to carry out joint exploration and development of key technology research, through the introduction of foreign technology and other services, and cooperation with foreign countries, absorbing foreign advanced mature technology, the formation of exploration and development with Chinese characteristics,Ceramic proppant the core technology.
Shale gas development needs facing the scientific and technological research (3)
5, shale reservoir reconstruction and improve well production technology
R & D drillable bridge plug and packer staged fracturing, 3000 fracturing trucks and other equipment and to achieve localization of synchronous fracturing and microseismic fracture monitoring techniques;Hydraulic fracturing carry out new fracturing fluids, fracturing fluid handling and reuse, reservoir damage mechanism and protection, staged fracturing, perforating and volume segment Nagai transformation technology research and master for the production of shale gas development transformation core technology to improve shale gas well production.
6, capacity forecasting, well optimization and economic evaluation techniques
Tracking and analysis of the dynamics of shale gas wells,ceramic ball in-depth study desorption, diffusion and percolation mechanism to carry out under different conditions numerical simulation of gas well productivity and ultimate recoverable reserves of study, the formation of shale gas development capacity evaluation techniques; combined with shale gas production characteristics , to carry out different combinations of well pattern and spacing of recovery under the conditions studied,frac sand the formation of well pattern optimization techniques; carry out economic factors affecting the formation of shale gas development economic and technical evaluation index system.
R & D drillable bridge plug and packer staged fracturing, 3000 fracturing trucks and other equipment and to achieve localization of synchronous fracturing and microseismic fracture monitoring techniques;Hydraulic fracturing carry out new fracturing fluids, fracturing fluid handling and reuse, reservoir damage mechanism and protection, staged fracturing, perforating and volume segment Nagai transformation technology research and master for the production of shale gas development transformation core technology to improve shale gas well production.
6, capacity forecasting, well optimization and economic evaluation techniques
Tracking and analysis of the dynamics of shale gas wells,ceramic ball in-depth study desorption, diffusion and percolation mechanism to carry out under different conditions numerical simulation of gas well productivity and ultimate recoverable reserves of study, the formation of shale gas development capacity evaluation techniques; combined with shale gas production characteristics , to carry out different combinations of well pattern and spacing of recovery under the conditions studied,frac sand the formation of well pattern optimization techniques; carry out economic factors affecting the formation of shale gas development economic and technical evaluation index system.
Shale gas development needs facing the scientific and technological research (2)
3, shale reservoir geophysics evaluation techniques
In the digestion and absorption of foreign technology, based on the conduct complex terrain and geological conditions,Unconventional gas seismic acquisition and processing and interpretation, shale gas well logging and other geophysical and reservoir fine description and evaluation criteria of identification technology, organic-rich shales and gradually form and gas-bearing geophysical identify key technologies, the establishment of shale gas reservoir parameter identification technique for determining the shale gas "sweet zone" to provide technical means.
4, horizontal shale gas well drilling and completion techniques
Learn from conventional oil and gas reservoirs and low permeability gas reservoir drilling and completion techniques, focusing on shale gas drilling and cementing aids, directional wellbore trajectory optimization, long sections of horizontal well drilling and casing optimal and fast completion, adaptability oil based drilling fluid system and other research,frac sand companies and constantly improve equipment adaptability, reliability and security, forming a suitable geological conditions of shale gas drilling and completion techniques.
In the digestion and absorption of foreign technology, based on the conduct complex terrain and geological conditions,Unconventional gas seismic acquisition and processing and interpretation, shale gas well logging and other geophysical and reservoir fine description and evaluation criteria of identification technology, organic-rich shales and gradually form and gas-bearing geophysical identify key technologies, the establishment of shale gas reservoir parameter identification technique for determining the shale gas "sweet zone" to provide technical means.
4, horizontal shale gas well drilling and completion techniques
Learn from conventional oil and gas reservoirs and low permeability gas reservoir drilling and completion techniques, focusing on shale gas drilling and cementing aids, directional wellbore trajectory optimization, long sections of horizontal well drilling and casing optimal and fast completion, adaptability oil based drilling fluid system and other research,frac sand companies and constantly improve equipment adaptability, reliability and security, forming a suitable geological conditions of shale gas drilling and completion techniques.
Shale gas development challenges
(A) the implementation of the resource base and heavy task. Potential of shale gas resources, but large-scale exploration and development,fracturing proppant yet to determine the favorable target area and the region recoverable resources, work difficult, large capital investment, the implementation of a long cycle.
(2) the key technology breakthroughs take time. ceramic ball Of shale gas development is still in its infancy, the key development of technology has not yet mastered, breakthroughs in key technologies still need to do a lot of work.
(3) large-scale, diversified investment mechanism has not yet formed. A larger initial investment shale gas development in the input-output efficiency under conditions of uncertainty,Ceramic proppant lack of investment scale will affect the rapid development of shale gas.
(2) the key technology breakthroughs take time. ceramic ball Of shale gas development is still in its infancy, the key development of technology has not yet mastered, breakthroughs in key technologies still need to do a lot of work.
(3) large-scale, diversified investment mechanism has not yet formed. A larger initial investment shale gas development in the input-output efficiency under conditions of uncertainty,Ceramic proppant lack of investment scale will affect the rapid development of shale gas.
Friday, August 23, 2013
Shale gas propelled America electricity prices
February 2012, in Boston,Ceramic proppant has a centuries-old North Star (NStar) commercial electric power companies to bring their client's tariff reduction of 34 per cent, from 8.5 cents / kWh lowered to 5.5 cents / kWh. From July 1 onwards, the company's commercial electricity prices will also cut 16%.
According to statistics, the United States now New England (Massachusetts, United States and six other northeastern states) retail electricity price is only half the previous levels, for example, in February,ceramic ball the region of 3 to 4 retail tariff cents / kWh, while in 2006 ~ 2011 over the same period the number of 6-8 cents / kWh. The tariff reduction does not just happen in the eastern United States, the price of electricity in many parts of the United States are going through 2 or 3 cents / kWh decline.
All this changes with the U.S. natural gas markets are closely related.
2011, U.S. natural gas production increased by 8%, reaching a new record of 653.9 billion cubic meters, while increasing the supply of natural gas prices has led to a large extent of the downturn, the summer of 2008 from $ 14 / mmbtu (million British thermal units),frac sand down to the current $ 2.5 / mmbtu. Fuel price changes on electricity prices have a significant impact in the United States, fuel costs accounted for 40% of the total cost of electricity, so the low price of natural gas also means cheaper electricity prices.
According to statistics, the United States now New England (Massachusetts, United States and six other northeastern states) retail electricity price is only half the previous levels, for example, in February,ceramic ball the region of 3 to 4 retail tariff cents / kWh, while in 2006 ~ 2011 over the same period the number of 6-8 cents / kWh. The tariff reduction does not just happen in the eastern United States, the price of electricity in many parts of the United States are going through 2 or 3 cents / kWh decline.
All this changes with the U.S. natural gas markets are closely related.
2011, U.S. natural gas production increased by 8%, reaching a new record of 653.9 billion cubic meters, while increasing the supply of natural gas prices has led to a large extent of the downturn, the summer of 2008 from $ 14 / mmbtu (million British thermal units),frac sand down to the current $ 2.5 / mmbtu. Fuel price changes on electricity prices have a significant impact in the United States, fuel costs accounted for 40% of the total cost of electricity, so the low price of natural gas also means cheaper electricity prices.
Shale gas policy-intensive landing
Shale gas exploration and development risks, economic benefits uncertain. Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Board issued subsidy policy for shale gas use, and set the harsh conditions.unconventional gas Exploration stage without subsidies, namely the enterprise alone must bear the risk of early exploration stage.
However, the domestic shale gas has just started, all policies are being developed. Yang Lei said, by the National Energy Board led the development of the "shale gas industry policy" and "natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" have been drawn up for approval after the release.
Yang Lei said, "shale gas industry policy" will be in science and technology research, demonstration area of shale gas development,fracturing proppant production target implementation, external cooperation contract terms and conditions.
Public data shows that the current oil and Shell cooperative manner without final confirmation, Yang Lei said that the most likely way is to follow the existing framework of the PSC.
In addition, the "natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" is mainly targeted at Central Petroleum and Sinopec gas pipeline control access. Our pipeline mileage is short, especially in the newly emerging shale gas area does not have sufficient pipeline.Proppant Existing pipeline in the oil and petrochemical under the control of a lot of influence on shale gas Sinotrans.
Pipeline urgent need to allow access to an impartial third party, in order to encourage more enterprises to enter the shale gas fields. "Natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" is to solve this problem,Fracturing proppant Yang Lei said the new approach does not make fundamental changes in the current system, but in the entry made provisions to make a variety of air can enter the pipes, pipe itself is only responsible for transportation.
However, the domestic shale gas has just started, all policies are being developed. Yang Lei said, by the National Energy Board led the development of the "shale gas industry policy" and "natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" have been drawn up for approval after the release.
Yang Lei said, "shale gas industry policy" will be in science and technology research, demonstration area of shale gas development,fracturing proppant production target implementation, external cooperation contract terms and conditions.
Public data shows that the current oil and Shell cooperative manner without final confirmation, Yang Lei said that the most likely way is to follow the existing framework of the PSC.
In addition, the "natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" is mainly targeted at Central Petroleum and Sinopec gas pipeline control access. Our pipeline mileage is short, especially in the newly emerging shale gas area does not have sufficient pipeline.Proppant Existing pipeline in the oil and petrochemical under the control of a lot of influence on shale gas Sinotrans.
Pipeline urgent need to allow access to an impartial third party, in order to encourage more enterprises to enter the shale gas fields. "Natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" is to solve this problem,Fracturing proppant Yang Lei said the new approach does not make fundamental changes in the current system, but in the entry made provisions to make a variety of air can enter the pipes, pipe itself is only responsible for transportation.
Shale gas industry policy has been developed to solve the overlapping tenements
National Energy Board, Yang Lei,Unconventional gas deputy director of oil and gas in 2013 yesterday, the international shale gas technology exchange meeting said, "shale gas industry policy" and "natural gas infrastructure operations management approach" have been prepared, will be released after the approval. This will solve the shale gas in the domestic policy is unknown, lack of pipe network problems, clearing the way for the development of shale gas.
Overlapping tenements will resolve within six months
The current domestic shale gas blocks, more than 70% overlap with the conventional gas mineral rights,Proppant shale gas was once considered an obstacle to development.
Geological Survey of Land and Resources, Deputy Director Cha Dong-Bo said, overlapping tenement area quit working in an orderly manner, last year there were 28 million square kilometers of overlapping tenement area is recovered, does not rule out re-sell these blocks through a tender exploration.
2012 second round of bidding, 20 block area of 200,000 square kilometers, an area of 280,000 square kilometers has been considered large.
Last year, the Department of Homeland issued "on the strengthening of the Ministry of Land exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources related to the management and supervision of work notice" (the "Circular 159"), for the management of overlapping mining rights set forth requirements.
According to "159 text", to encourage oil and gas blocks within the shale gas exploration and exploitation. Oil, gas mineral rights may, within the scope of its mining exploration and exploitation of shale gas,frac sand companies but must apply for changes to procedures or additional mining exploration and exploitation of minerals.
With shale gas resource potential for oil and gas exploration blocks, which do not carry out exploration for shale gas exploration, demonstration organized by the Ministry of Land, otherwise set shale gas exploration.
For oil, gas exploration inadequate investment, exploration prospects are uncertain but with blocks of shale gas resource potential, now people do not carry out exploration for shale gas exploration should quit.
Has been in the oil and gas mineral rights for shale gas block in the exploration and mining of mineral rights, should promptly apply for change or additional mining exploration and mining of minerals.
More than 70% of the tenement blocks overlap mainly held by CNPC and Sinopec conventional oil and gas mineral rights. Petroleum Exploration and Production Company New Energy Division Leihuai Yu on the "First Financial Daily" said, "No. 159" is mainly new shale gas mineral rights registration, you need to verify each company specific, it may takes long, from which oil's case, can be resolved within six months.
As for the recovery of shale gas mineral rights situation,hydraulic fracturing Lei Huaiyu analysis, 10,000 yuan per square kilometer natural gas tenements investment 30,000 yuan per square kilometer shale gas, totaling 40,000 yuan / square kilometer investment, not a problem.
Overlapping tenements will resolve within six months
The current domestic shale gas blocks, more than 70% overlap with the conventional gas mineral rights,Proppant shale gas was once considered an obstacle to development.
Geological Survey of Land and Resources, Deputy Director Cha Dong-Bo said, overlapping tenement area quit working in an orderly manner, last year there were 28 million square kilometers of overlapping tenement area is recovered, does not rule out re-sell these blocks through a tender exploration.
2012 second round of bidding, 20 block area of 200,000 square kilometers, an area of 280,000 square kilometers has been considered large.
Last year, the Department of Homeland issued "on the strengthening of the Ministry of Land exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources related to the management and supervision of work notice" (the "Circular 159"), for the management of overlapping mining rights set forth requirements.
According to "159 text", to encourage oil and gas blocks within the shale gas exploration and exploitation. Oil, gas mineral rights may, within the scope of its mining exploration and exploitation of shale gas,frac sand companies but must apply for changes to procedures or additional mining exploration and exploitation of minerals.
With shale gas resource potential for oil and gas exploration blocks, which do not carry out exploration for shale gas exploration, demonstration organized by the Ministry of Land, otherwise set shale gas exploration.
For oil, gas exploration inadequate investment, exploration prospects are uncertain but with blocks of shale gas resource potential, now people do not carry out exploration for shale gas exploration should quit.
Has been in the oil and gas mineral rights for shale gas block in the exploration and mining of mineral rights, should promptly apply for change or additional mining exploration and mining of minerals.
More than 70% of the tenement blocks overlap mainly held by CNPC and Sinopec conventional oil and gas mineral rights. Petroleum Exploration and Production Company New Energy Division Leihuai Yu on the "First Financial Daily" said, "No. 159" is mainly new shale gas mineral rights registration, you need to verify each company specific, it may takes long, from which oil's case, can be resolved within six months.
As for the recovery of shale gas mineral rights situation,hydraulic fracturing Lei Huaiyu analysis, 10,000 yuan per square kilometer natural gas tenements investment 30,000 yuan per square kilometer shale gas, totaling 40,000 yuan / square kilometer investment, not a problem.
Countdown Deal shale gas industry
China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd. Liang-29 policy director at the fourth meeting of unconventional oil and gas sources,ceramic proppant the National Energy Board is formulating policies on shale gas industry is expected to be introduced shortly. The policy is expected to give shale gas industry-related "to encourage investment recovery and accelerated depreciation policy as soon as possible" and other substantive support measures.
"All the policy is expected to have a statement of government support for the development of shale gas attitude is very clear, which is the beginning of the development of other energy industry has never happened before." Sinopec unconventional energy support package of books King, vice president, told reporters that page shale gas exploration and development in China in the ascendant, give policy support to accelerate the development of the industry is very favorable. As energy giant, Sinopec has also been developed shale gas development related planning.
Earlier, the National Energy Administration have revealed that shale gas industry policy will follow the " shale gas development plan (2011-2015)," the general idea, to promote the introduction of a number of shale gas industry, market-oriented development of specific provisions.
Li Liang told reporters that the National Energy Board in conjunction with the relevant departments to develop a "shale gas industry policy" has been basically completed formulation, is seeking the views of all parties, is expected in the near future. Draft proposed that encourage investment diversification, such as allowing the joint venture holds mineral rights, international cooperation could be explored other than production sharing model; shale gas exploration and development priority land use approval, demonstration projects to simplify investment procedures; shale gas exploitation accelerated depreciation and other fiscal policy will be supported.
"Which is expected to 'encourage investment recovery and accelerated depreciation policy as soon as possible' is a substantive positive, the intensity with 0.4 yuan per cubic meter comparable financial subsidies, which would reduce the corporate income tax payable, enhance competition and future financing ability." Lee Liang said.
This year, the shale gas exploration and development has been the focus of attention of the capital market.Hydraulic fracturing MLR official recently said that the second round of shale gas tenders selection work has ended, the results will be announced soon. It is reported that the result will be a successful enterprise public notice period, will carry out the exploration work.
"All the policy is expected to have a statement of government support for the development of shale gas attitude is very clear, which is the beginning of the development of other energy industry has never happened before." Sinopec unconventional energy support package of books King, vice president, told reporters that page shale gas exploration and development in China in the ascendant, give policy support to accelerate the development of the industry is very favorable. As energy giant, Sinopec has also been developed shale gas development related planning.
Earlier, the National Energy Administration have revealed that shale gas industry policy will follow the " shale gas development plan (2011-2015)," the general idea, to promote the introduction of a number of shale gas industry, market-oriented development of specific provisions.
Li Liang told reporters that the National Energy Board in conjunction with the relevant departments to develop a "shale gas industry policy" has been basically completed formulation, is seeking the views of all parties, is expected in the near future. Draft proposed that encourage investment diversification, such as allowing the joint venture holds mineral rights, international cooperation could be explored other than production sharing model; shale gas exploration and development priority land use approval, demonstration projects to simplify investment procedures; shale gas exploitation accelerated depreciation and other fiscal policy will be supported.
"Which is expected to 'encourage investment recovery and accelerated depreciation policy as soon as possible' is a substantive positive, the intensity with 0.4 yuan per cubic meter comparable financial subsidies, which would reduce the corporate income tax payable, enhance competition and future financing ability." Lee Liang said.
This year, the shale gas exploration and development has been the focus of attention of the capital market.Hydraulic fracturing MLR official recently said that the second round of shale gas tenders selection work has ended, the results will be announced soon. It is reported that the result will be a successful enterprise public notice period, will carry out the exploration work.
China shale gas development still needs to pass three hurdles
In recent years, shale gas exploration and development are more and more attention.Fracturing proppant Foreign experts believe that China's shale gas development outlook, but the development process required to solve the water shortage, lack of technical capacity and lack of resources on three major issues pipeline.
Foreign experts believe that China has become the world's largest energy consumer, although China in wind, solar, hydro and nuclear energy has developed rapidly, but it is a real change in natural gas provides the possibility of China's energy structure, it should be noted that in particular shale gas, coal bed methane and coal-gas.
Shale gas unconventional natural gas important part. According to the National Energy Board in 2011 data, China's shale gas recoverable resources of about 26 trillion cubic meters, roughly the same with the United States. At present, China shale gas resources remain undeveloped state, the development potential.
In the last month released the latest "World Energy Outlook" report, the IEA predicts that by 2035, including shale gas and coal bed methane gas, including unconventional gas production will account for nearly half of new, which Most new production comes from China, the United States and Australia.
Although the development outlook, but experts believe that China's shale gas resource development in the presence of water shortages, lack of technical capacity and lack of resources on three major issues pipeline.
Held in Kuala Lumpur World Gas Conference, the Asia-Pacific natural gas expert Gavin Thompson said, it is necessary for China and exploitation of shale gas potential of more in-depth investigation skills. Meanwhile, access to land issues, environmental challenges, supply chain services and infrastructure missing so will China shale gas development challenges.
First, the water shortage. Currently the main use of the development of shale gas "fracking." The method is sand, water and a special mixture of chemicals injected deep underground rock, forcing the rock failure to obtain shale gas. This method requires plenty of water support. "Earth Wars: global resources of the dispute," the author says Geoff Hiscock, most parts of northern China already water-stressed, while in the south, shale gas exploration will compete with the crop water.
Secondly, the development of technical capacity is insufficient. And exploitation of the more experienced compared to the U.S., China shale gas development technology capacity is obviously insufficient. U.S. shale gas resources have been developed for over 30 years, has extensive experience in oil and gas industry and infrastructure available. U.S. exploration company pioneered horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing and other key technologies, the drilling team is the industry leader, as well as covering and supporting the entire industry financing, distribution, processing and marketing of excellent service.
Solve this problem, Hiscock said, PetroChina, CNOOC and other Chinese state-owned enterprises through the North American shale gas company's investment as well as Exxon Mobil, Shell and other oil giants joint venture,frac sand learning the skills of shale gas exploitation. But he cautioned that in the process of developing shale gas, shale gas field in each block is unique, that there is no "one size fits all" technology. Therefore, Chinese companies must develop their technological innovation.
Finally, the pipeline resources. North America has been built thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines and receiving point, detailed geological survey records. These hardware and software aspects of the building, China still has a considerable gap.
Experts also warned that in addition to the above three short board, the development of shale gas resources in China, like the U.S., but also consider public support for environmental risks and other factors.
Foreign experts believe that China has become the world's largest energy consumer, although China in wind, solar, hydro and nuclear energy has developed rapidly, but it is a real change in natural gas provides the possibility of China's energy structure, it should be noted that in particular shale gas, coal bed methane and coal-gas.
Shale gas unconventional natural gas important part. According to the National Energy Board in 2011 data, China's shale gas recoverable resources of about 26 trillion cubic meters, roughly the same with the United States. At present, China shale gas resources remain undeveloped state, the development potential.
In the last month released the latest "World Energy Outlook" report, the IEA predicts that by 2035, including shale gas and coal bed methane gas, including unconventional gas production will account for nearly half of new, which Most new production comes from China, the United States and Australia.
Although the development outlook, but experts believe that China's shale gas resource development in the presence of water shortages, lack of technical capacity and lack of resources on three major issues pipeline.
Held in Kuala Lumpur World Gas Conference, the Asia-Pacific natural gas expert Gavin Thompson said, it is necessary for China and exploitation of shale gas potential of more in-depth investigation skills. Meanwhile, access to land issues, environmental challenges, supply chain services and infrastructure missing so will China shale gas development challenges.
First, the water shortage. Currently the main use of the development of shale gas "fracking." The method is sand, water and a special mixture of chemicals injected deep underground rock, forcing the rock failure to obtain shale gas. This method requires plenty of water support. "Earth Wars: global resources of the dispute," the author says Geoff Hiscock, most parts of northern China already water-stressed, while in the south, shale gas exploration will compete with the crop water.
Secondly, the development of technical capacity is insufficient. And exploitation of the more experienced compared to the U.S., China shale gas development technology capacity is obviously insufficient. U.S. shale gas resources have been developed for over 30 years, has extensive experience in oil and gas industry and infrastructure available. U.S. exploration company pioneered horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing and other key technologies, the drilling team is the industry leader, as well as covering and supporting the entire industry financing, distribution, processing and marketing of excellent service.
Solve this problem, Hiscock said, PetroChina, CNOOC and other Chinese state-owned enterprises through the North American shale gas company's investment as well as Exxon Mobil, Shell and other oil giants joint venture,frac sand learning the skills of shale gas exploitation. But he cautioned that in the process of developing shale gas, shale gas field in each block is unique, that there is no "one size fits all" technology. Therefore, Chinese companies must develop their technological innovation.
Finally, the pipeline resources. North America has been built thousands of kilometers of gas pipelines and receiving point, detailed geological survey records. These hardware and software aspects of the building, China still has a considerable gap.
Experts also warned that in addition to the above three short board, the development of shale gas resources in China, like the U.S., but also consider public support for environmental risks and other factors.
Thursday, August 22, 2013
U.S. Energy uneven distribution of the rapid development of new energy
"The Christian Science Monitor" recently reported that, although the United States has a lot of energy, but the uneven distribution of different types of energy concentrated in different areas.hydraulic fracturing 1 oil, gas and coal 82% of U.S. energy consumption from oil, gas and coal. As drilling technology advances in the future for a long period of time, fossil fuels will remain the energy mix in the United States is an important component. It is estimated that U.S. recoverable coal reserves ranked first in the world. Most of the coal reserves are located in the Appalachian Mountain states and the central and southern Illinois. Despite the cheap gas for coal mining have a certain impact, but a great comeback in recent years the trend of coal, since November last year, coal-fired electricity generation accounted for 40% of total U.S. electricity generation or more, while the proportion of natural gas is 25%. With hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technology,frac sand in the past, North Dakota, Pennsylvania and other places difficult to develop shale "unconventional" gas and oil have been mined. 2 hydro, nuclear and biomass hydro, nuclear and biomass and other clean energy is still the most popular renewable energy. Renewable energy generation is now the United States accounted for 12% of total power generation, hydroelectric power generation in the renewable energy accounts for more than 56%, the majority of dams built in the last century until the mid-1970s. Currently landfill gases and emissions from agriculture, timber industry organic waste constitutes the biomass, renewable energy they occupy 12%. In addition, the factory 65 U.S. nuclear power running 104 commercial nuclear reactors, providing about 20% of the nation's electricity. However, people's understanding of nuclear power is not uniform. Some people think that nuclear energy does not belong to renewable energy, because it is to be depleted uranium as fuel, while the reason why nuclear energy "clean" because it does not produce carbon emissions, nuclear waste and radioactive substances can pose environmental threats. 3 solar, wind and geothermal solar energy renewable energy in the United States occupied the smallest proportion of only 1%.Proppant But with the falling prices of PV cells, the solar industry has undergone tremendous growth. American Solar Energy Industries Association, said PV installed capacity in 2011-2012 increased by 76%. Wind energy is second only to hydropower renewable energy, renewable energy accounted for 28%, is expected to grow by 7% in 2013. In addition to the United States outside the inland areas, coastal areas of wind power potential is very large. In the U.S. renewable energy portfolio, approximately 3% from geothermal energy. 4 U.S. Energy overall layout of the whole, the nation's energy coal occupies the first place, but because of environmental concerns and the impact of alternative energy sources, coal's dominance has been challenged. Booming oil and gas, renewable energy potential is very large. Nuclear power has been the impact of natural gas, while the nuclear accident in Japan also suffered public questioning of nuclear power. How to use these different sources of energy, depending on the economic situation in the United States and government policy, which means a lot of competition between the industry expands.
"Shale gas revolution" Why in the United States (2)
Market Background.
U.S. energy market environment is very robust,Hydraulic fracturing in the previous restructuring of the natural gas market, the U.S. government has always followed single function pipeline companies, pipeline competition in the market of ideas, establish a pipeline open market access system to ensure fair and gas producers use of natural gas pipelines, improve market efficiency, and ensure a reasonable value reflects shale gas. U.S. energy market structures are highly competitive, most shale gas exploitation by SMEs to effectively disperse investment, reducing the exploitation of barriers to entry, while SMEs in order to obtain higher returns and more innovative , which can promote the rapid development of shale gas industry.Proppant Around the natural gas industry chain has established a perfect division of labor cooperation mechanism, E & P companies and professional services company formed a mutual convergence, supporting services of the situation, a large number of venture capital and private capital into the shale gas fields.frac sand companies Shale gas development is inseparable from the financial support of the U.S. long-term low interest rate policy makes the cost of borrowing becomes very low, well-developed financial sector for manufacturers to provide a convenient financing channels, in recent years a large number of international capital into the United States page shale gas exploration areas for explosive development of natural gas provided an important condition,ceramic ball in addition, natural gas futures market prices for the product to achieve a favorable platform.
U.S. energy market environment is very robust,Hydraulic fracturing in the previous restructuring of the natural gas market, the U.S. government has always followed single function pipeline companies, pipeline competition in the market of ideas, establish a pipeline open market access system to ensure fair and gas producers use of natural gas pipelines, improve market efficiency, and ensure a reasonable value reflects shale gas. U.S. energy market structures are highly competitive, most shale gas exploitation by SMEs to effectively disperse investment, reducing the exploitation of barriers to entry, while SMEs in order to obtain higher returns and more innovative , which can promote the rapid development of shale gas industry.Proppant Around the natural gas industry chain has established a perfect division of labor cooperation mechanism, E & P companies and professional services company formed a mutual convergence, supporting services of the situation, a large number of venture capital and private capital into the shale gas fields.frac sand companies Shale gas development is inseparable from the financial support of the U.S. long-term low interest rate policy makes the cost of borrowing becomes very low, well-developed financial sector for manufacturers to provide a convenient financing channels, in recent years a large number of international capital into the United States page shale gas exploration areas for explosive development of natural gas provided an important condition,ceramic ball in addition, natural gas futures market prices for the product to achieve a favorable platform.
"Shale gas revolution" Why in the United States (1)
Policy support.
As early as the 1970s, the U.S. government through the "energy windfall Law", "Natural Gas Policy Act" and so on, for the implementation of the exploitation of shale gas tax breaks and subsidies, and has long been insisting on the implementation of shale gas exploitation preferential policies. In addition to the federal government, the shale gas resource-rich local governments have also introduced a number of incentives, such as Texas, since the 20th century, since the early 1990s, the development of shale gas does not levy taxes on production. Meanwhile, the U.S. government has also set up a special research fund of unconventional oil and gas resources, since the 1980s, the U.S. government has already invested a total of more than six billion U.S. dollars of funds for the shale gas industry.
The U.S. government will expand domestic oil and gas resource development to ensure future energy security as a primary strategy. Despite the rapid development of shale oil and gas,fracturing proppant but the observation of the United States' energy map ", you should pay attention to Obama's" comprehensive "energy strategy. The U.S. State Department is responsible for economic growth, energy and environmental affairs secretary of state Robert? Hormats noted that successful energy decisions must consider all energy resources in order to achieve sustainability. This decision means that coal and oil resources responsible development - these two resources will also play an important role in the future; while developing natural gas, nuclear energy and other low-carbon energy, the energy mix to achieve sustainable development. U.S. National Intelligence Council predicts that by 2030, the United States will achieve "energy independence." This trend and the resulting expectations on the global oil and gas markets,Unconventional gas energy industry, geopolitics and international political economy increasingly profound impact.
As early as the 1970s, the U.S. government through the "energy windfall Law", "Natural Gas Policy Act" and so on, for the implementation of the exploitation of shale gas tax breaks and subsidies, and has long been insisting on the implementation of shale gas exploitation preferential policies. In addition to the federal government, the shale gas resource-rich local governments have also introduced a number of incentives, such as Texas, since the 20th century, since the early 1990s, the development of shale gas does not levy taxes on production. Meanwhile, the U.S. government has also set up a special research fund of unconventional oil and gas resources, since the 1980s, the U.S. government has already invested a total of more than six billion U.S. dollars of funds for the shale gas industry.
The U.S. government will expand domestic oil and gas resource development to ensure future energy security as a primary strategy. Despite the rapid development of shale oil and gas,fracturing proppant but the observation of the United States' energy map ", you should pay attention to Obama's" comprehensive "energy strategy. The U.S. State Department is responsible for economic growth, energy and environmental affairs secretary of state Robert? Hormats noted that successful energy decisions must consider all energy resources in order to achieve sustainability. This decision means that coal and oil resources responsible development - these two resources will also play an important role in the future; while developing natural gas, nuclear energy and other low-carbon energy, the energy mix to achieve sustainable development. U.S. National Intelligence Council predicts that by 2030, the United States will achieve "energy independence." This trend and the resulting expectations on the global oil and gas markets,Unconventional gas energy industry, geopolitics and international political economy increasingly profound impact.
The second session of the Chinese shale oil & gas industry development forum held in Beijing soon
In the first session of the Forum was successfully held on the basis of this year, the organizing committee will invite 200 + world leader in shale oil and gas exploration and development company,Ceramic proppant oilfield services & Drilling Company, manufacturer of oil and gas drilling equipment, software, information service providers, shale oil and gas chemical suppliers, water treatment & environmental services providers, oil and gas companies, energy information, investment companies, universities / research institutions, governments and local authorities, etc. in order to "improve the exploration and exploitation of technology to reduce operating costs, improve efficiency of production and investment accelerated Chinese commercial development of shale oil and gas process "as the theme, through the international advanced case studies, keynote speeches, panel discussions,ceramic ball live Q and other forms of social networking, focusing on trends in government regulatory policy development, investment and return analysis, cooperation model to achieve low-cost development of cutting-edge technology to improve the shale oil and gas production solutions, horizontal well drilling and completion methods and the latest design technology, asset management, hydraulic fracturing technology innovation and development, data analysis and processing,frac sand shale oil mining system development trend, water treatment & environmental management strategies and other industry hot topics.
U.S. shale gas development environmental problems encountered in our country are also likely to occur
China's development of shale gas technologies may require from the United States, the U.S. experiencing environmental problems in our country are also likely to occur. In addition, China's shale gas resource-rich regions are mainly Basin, eastern Chongqing in western Hubei, Guizhou and Hunan area, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin and other remote areas. This particular geographic distribution of shale gas development has also led to environmental problems, compared with the United States there may be more tricky place. In summary, our shale gas development environment issues will be mainly in water consumption and pollution, mining places of geographical and environmental conditions as well as the lack of environmental laws and regulations, etc.,Fracturing proppant copy successful U.S. shale gas will be difficult. It should be said that China shale gas, the most worrying is that we may be faced with a serious shortage of water resources in a critical situation. Of shale gas fields are mostly located in areas of serious water shortage. Water is relatively abundant in the Yangtze River basin, Jianghan Basin in Sichuan and only discovered shale gas; while in the northwest, north China, shale gas reserves are abundant, local water resources is quite tense. Coupled with drought in southwest China in recent years, frequent, large-scale development of shale gas may make the local water shortage situation worse. From the geographical point of view, China's shale gas resources are located, may not be suitable for large-scale exploitation of shale gas. Requires a lot of shale gas drilling, is probably 10 times the conventional gas reservoir, drilling and production operations on the ground greater impact. U.S. shale gas distribution area surface in excellent condition, flat, sparsely populated, and the distribution of high-quality shale are concentrated in the central and western mountainous areas, surface topography, terrain elevation large, dense population distribution, shale gas is also buried deeper than the United States. Therefore, these areas may not be suitable for large-scale exploitation of shale gas, otherwise it will affect the normal life of residents, increasing demands on local infrastructure, poor economy, but also easily lead to landslides and other geological disasters. Therefore,frac sand companies many of the benefits of shale gas development, risk does not seem small. Huge economic benefits of shale gas makes the initial development we need, to start thinking about their development-related issues, to avoid repeating other resource-based products under development lessons.
Tuesday, August 20, 2013
The first half of the mouth marine shale gas wells produce 15 million cubic meters of shale gas
Coke page 1HF wells, according to a daily average of 66,000 m3 production allocation, has been stable for six months, the cumulative production of 15 million cubic meters of
shale gas , oil steady at 20 MPa or more, compressed liquefied natural gas sold in Chongqing market. November 29, 2012, is located in Fuling District of Chongqing Jiao Jiao Shi Nanba page 1HF marine shale wells in Longmaxi, trial by Nissan 203,000 m3 yield industrial gas flow, excluding hydrogen sulfide, to obtain marine page rock oil and gas exploration major breakthrough. Experts believe that: "Coke page 1HF marine shale gas exploration wells to obtain a commercial discovery, a milestone in the first place, this is done independently marine shale gas horizontal wells, well production is currently the highest,Ceramic proppant most stable one of shale gas wells, marking China shale gas exploration accumulation theory, evaluation techniques made substantial breakthroughs. Secondly, the well area of marine shale gas reservoir depth of less than 3500 m, shallow, large area, enough gas. If gas field exploration and discovery led to the growth of oil and gas reserves in Sichuan Basin arrival of the peak, then the focus page 1HF wells breakthrough will promote southern marine shale oil and gas exploration major development. "According to reports,frac proppant only to do coke dam area over a small number of two-dimensional seismic exploration work is not satisfactory evaluation of conventional oil and gas area.
Shale gas revolution and China
China
shale gas development time is very short, roughly experienced learning to understand, resources survey and evaluation, and policy development and testing of follow-up in three phases until 2010 really into shale gas drilling, fracturing operations. It is reported that China has shale gas wells more than 90 ports, mainly in exploration and exploitation of the Sichuan Basin, some wells have gained a very good production results. However, due to the late start mining technology, now, China shale gas drilling cycle time and cost are the United States three times and 10 times. Recently, in southwest China's Chongqing Municipality Pengshui County portion of news release, the county Peng page HF-1 well after nearly a year of fracturing test, recently has entered the normal gas phase, at present, this block has a total over 500,000 cubic meters of gas, there are more than 10,000 cubic meters per day of natural gas into the surrounding counties of residents of the home and vehicle refueling stations. Sinopec East Branch pengshui unconventional project work area commander Natsumi help, said: "Peng page a test mining wells present case shows pengshui region has good shale gas exploration, development prospects,frac sand companies the next step we will increase exploration, development efforts, to contribute to the development of shale gas. "
With China shale gas development gradually warming up, some of the core technology of international energy giants have come to Pathfinder, China National Petroleum Corporation and the Dutch Shell China Exploration and Production Co., signed in April this year, its first shale gas abroad production sharing contract. Earlier, BP and Chevron separately announced that it has signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese company will carry out exploration or development in China. Compared with the international developed markets, China has not yet formed the core technology system development, therefore seek cooperation with international oil companies will be China's shale gas development a shortcut. Shell China Group Chairman Xi Haibo said: "The international oil companies involved in shale gas development in China and Chinese companies can not only share in the development of shale gas around the world experience, but also provide technical information to ensure long-term mining safety, so in order to ensure the success of shale gas is mined. "
In Haibo view, China's shale gas development in the initial stage, whether it is investing in the development or production applications, the outlook is very bright. "China's unconventional energy field more than one billion U.S. dollars of investment and development prospects are very good, if you count all of the gas species,Hydraulic fracturing is currently in China natural gas production accounted for 4% of total energy production, while in North America, this proportion is over 25%, while more than 40% in Europe, so from the future global energy consumption growth trend, I believe that the future of shale gas on the Chinese energy sector is very important. "
Although the U.S. shale gas exploitation was named for the energy revolution, but more accurately say this is actually a technological revolution. Humans have long known about the existence and value of shale gas, but until recent years gradually developed mining technology. Over the past few decades, the energy industry has been exploring the conventional oil and natural gas outside of the various possible, these explorations is a small part of shale gas, shale gas development has now bloom result, the new technology can finally be applied Business. When large-scale commercial development of shale gas in China successfully achieved when the new energy revolution, or will pull China and the world economy every link.
With China shale gas development gradually warming up, some of the core technology of international energy giants have come to Pathfinder, China National Petroleum Corporation and the Dutch Shell China Exploration and Production Co., signed in April this year, its first shale gas abroad production sharing contract. Earlier, BP and Chevron separately announced that it has signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese company will carry out exploration or development in China. Compared with the international developed markets, China has not yet formed the core technology system development, therefore seek cooperation with international oil companies will be China's shale gas development a shortcut. Shell China Group Chairman Xi Haibo said: "The international oil companies involved in shale gas development in China and Chinese companies can not only share in the development of shale gas around the world experience, but also provide technical information to ensure long-term mining safety, so in order to ensure the success of shale gas is mined. "
In Haibo view, China's shale gas development in the initial stage, whether it is investing in the development or production applications, the outlook is very bright. "China's unconventional energy field more than one billion U.S. dollars of investment and development prospects are very good, if you count all of the gas species,Hydraulic fracturing is currently in China natural gas production accounted for 4% of total energy production, while in North America, this proportion is over 25%, while more than 40% in Europe, so from the future global energy consumption growth trend, I believe that the future of shale gas on the Chinese energy sector is very important. "
Although the U.S. shale gas exploitation was named for the energy revolution, but more accurately say this is actually a technological revolution. Humans have long known about the existence and value of shale gas, but until recent years gradually developed mining technology. Over the past few decades, the energy industry has been exploring the conventional oil and natural gas outside of the various possible, these explorations is a small part of shale gas, shale gas development has now bloom result, the new technology can finally be applied Business. When large-scale commercial development of shale gas in China successfully achieved when the new energy revolution, or will pull China and the world economy every link.
British shale gas supplier "play a leading role."
UK shale gas development is accelerating, while leading the development of this wave of "leader" is the country's largest state-owned gas supplier Centrica (Centrica). This is not the name of the first local energy company recently beat Exxon Mobil, Shell,
ceramic ball Total and Statoil four largest oil and gas giant, the British unlimited potential Bowland shale blocks 25% of the exploration permits in the bag medium. Britain, like the U.S. can exploit shale gas reshape national energy economy are not sure yet, but apparently, Centrica can not wait to be a big fight. Shale gas development "must not let outsiders fields" in northwestern England Lancashire Blackpool (Blackpool) is the UK's Bowland shale blocks considerable potential of shale assets by a small British oil and gas company Cuadrilla and Australia Resource Service Provider AJLucas jointly owned, the former is responsible for operations. Earlier, Cuadrilla has announced a near Blackpool shale gas resources of the relevant data, indicating that the region is the UK's emerging unconventional gas region. It is understood that Centrica took only 160 million pounds to "get" the deal,Fracturing proppant this is only its budget this year, 1.5 billion pounds of 1/10, including £ 40 million deal of gold, 60 million pounds of exploration and evaluation costs, and another will enter the production phase of the £ 60 million investment. The company said, is expected next year to drill a new exploration well in the coming years will be in Lancashire's six locations commenced drilling research. So far, Cuadrilla shale blocks in Bowland drill three exploratory wells, drilling preliminary data show that the block contains about 200 trillion cubic feet of shale gas. Centrica pointed out that with the constant expansion of exploration, the future is expected to achieve commercial production. In fact, Centrica's bid does not have an absolute advantage, but still squeezed out by ExxonMobil-led four major competitors, this result although unexpected, but also reasonable, because the United Kingdom does not willing to develop shale assets "Jiashoutaren." Oil and gas giants have long bought shale gas assets is not new, but like Exxon Mobil, Shell, Total and Norway Petronas such a "big" at all appear on the same amount of trading has rarely occurred, these companies have been hoping in UK shale gas share of the market, but in the end was "shut out." Sources said, Cuadrilla favor Centrica, is that the company has control over energy trading may face political risks. "For Centrica, this is a goodly portion of the transaction will further strengthen the company block carriers and resources developer role." Centrica international upstream business leader Mark - Hanafin representation. "With the increasing decline in North Sea oil and gas reserves, the UK increasingly dependent on imports, the development of indigenous gas resources is urgent, the moment it is a good time, we hope to provide customers with affordable local gas source. Government commitment and shale gas development support for oil and gas companies to create a better business environment,frac sand but also for the national economy has brought new impetus. "However, as shale gas development pioneer Centrica, still faces investigations actual reserves, to appease the public safety concerns the arduous task. Right now, Greenpeace led to a number of environmental groups have been pressuring the Centrica oppose its implementation hydraulic fracturing. In addition, geological uncertainty is troublesome one, Blackpool spate of small earthquakes, causing sensitive shale gas drilling operations, the British government will enact the 18-month drilling ban.
China able to replicate in the U.S. shale gas revolution?
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration predicts that China shale gas reserves of up to 36 trillion cubic meters,Unconventional gas more than twice the U.S., ranking first in the world. In 2012, China Land and Resources issued the "National survey and evaluation of shale gas resource potential and favorable area Preferred" research reports. The report for the first time systematically investigated, evaluated the Chinese shale gas resources "family", the results showed that Chinese shale gas resource potential, wide distribution area: China Geological shale gas resource potential of land is 134 trillion cubic meters, recoverable resource potential of 25 trillion cubic meters (excluding Tibet region).
China's abundant shale gas resources for many people bring Lenovo, China able to replicate in the U.S. shale gas revolution? In this regard, the U.S. Natural Resources Environmental Protection Commission Beijing Representative Office energy, environment, climate change senior adviser Yang Fuqiang analysis: "can not be copied or reproduced, I think this conclusion too early and we are now the main geological exploration, proven relatively small, we are now talking about geological resource potential, exploration potential becomes available force is still a very long process for MLR is concerned,frac proppant it is currently tendering a very important purpose is to ascertain in the end we how much can be economically and technically recoverable, so that we can exploit shale gas across the country to make a good plan. "
Chinese Academy of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Professor Ni Weidou said: "The success of natural gas in the United States, it is a fact, but would like to get in China such a big success, but also the need for further research, first, that our resources are very many, in fact, , our own shale gas above do little research, but rarely play well, according to the well in the end we have to guess how much shale gas is very rough; Second, according to our oil and natural gas which dozens years of work, our geology is more complex, and the United States into a piece, flat, and we are over the Himalayas squeeze, squeeze past the geological structure of our crowded chaos;frac sand companies Third, we are more mountainous, mountainous mining requires a lot of engineering machinery, mining infrastructure which is very high; also need water, a well takes several tons of water in short, fully replicate the successful experience of the United States, do not head fever, need to do a careful analysis and research. "
China's abundant shale gas resources for many people bring Lenovo, China able to replicate in the U.S. shale gas revolution? In this regard, the U.S. Natural Resources Environmental Protection Commission Beijing Representative Office energy, environment, climate change senior adviser Yang Fuqiang analysis: "can not be copied or reproduced, I think this conclusion too early and we are now the main geological exploration, proven relatively small, we are now talking about geological resource potential, exploration potential becomes available force is still a very long process for MLR is concerned,frac proppant it is currently tendering a very important purpose is to ascertain in the end we how much can be economically and technically recoverable, so that we can exploit shale gas across the country to make a good plan. "
Chinese Academy of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Professor Ni Weidou said: "The success of natural gas in the United States, it is a fact, but would like to get in China such a big success, but also the need for further research, first, that our resources are very many, in fact, , our own shale gas above do little research, but rarely play well, according to the well in the end we have to guess how much shale gas is very rough; Second, according to our oil and natural gas which dozens years of work, our geology is more complex, and the United States into a piece, flat, and we are over the Himalayas squeeze, squeeze past the geological structure of our crowded chaos;frac sand companies Third, we are more mountainous, mountainous mining requires a lot of engineering machinery, mining infrastructure which is very high; also need water, a well takes several tons of water in short, fully replicate the successful experience of the United States, do not head fever, need to do a careful analysis and research. "
New technology so that the original uncertain world energy becomes confusing
Eighties of last century, passed his sixtieth independent gas explorer George Mitchell began to try to get in
shale gas , after 20 years of trial and error, Michelle's company developed a method of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing was successfully mined shale gas. In the mining process, Michelle surprised to discover that these techniques can be used not only to collect the gas in hard rock, you can also collect rock oil. 2012, U.S. shale oil production has reached 1076 million barrels. Large-scale exploitation of shale oil and gas, the United States has brought a new energy revolution. In May this year, U.S. President Barack Obama announced that: "Because the United States in science and technology breakthroughs, we will in 2020 become a net exporter of natural gas."
Then, the IEA also predicted that the United States will be five to ten years beyond Russia and Saudi Arabia, the world's largest energy producer. In fact, U.S. crude oil imports last year,Fracturing proppant the amount has dropped to its lowest level in 20 years, while inexpensive natural gas also enhances U.S. competitiveness in the chemical industry, manufacturing for the U.S. economic recovery and revival are injected into a solid power . New technology, especially shale gas revolution is changing not only the United States, leaving the original uncertain world energy becomes confusing.
U.S. Energy Department data show that in 2009 the United States with 624 billion cubic meters of natural gas production more than Russia, the world's first gas exports are expected in the next 20 years for the United States contributed $ 700 billion economic growth and create 800,000 jobs. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Jihong that large-scale commercial exploitation of shale gas is not only the United States can achieve energy self-sufficiency, but also compared with other countries, will have a more cost competitive. "Cost is good, the price is good, just a quarter of our Asia. Now go to Europe than words, if it is to count per one thousand cubic feet,Proppant then Europe is its current price six times, while Japan nine times the price it. "
In 2006, the U.S. shale gas production is only 1% of natural gas, by 2011, this figure becomes 25%, is expected to 2040, U.S. shale gas production will account for more than half of natural gas, while the price will be cheaper
Then, the IEA also predicted that the United States will be five to ten years beyond Russia and Saudi Arabia, the world's largest energy producer. In fact, U.S. crude oil imports last year,Fracturing proppant the amount has dropped to its lowest level in 20 years, while inexpensive natural gas also enhances U.S. competitiveness in the chemical industry, manufacturing for the U.S. economic recovery and revival are injected into a solid power . New technology, especially shale gas revolution is changing not only the United States, leaving the original uncertain world energy becomes confusing.
U.S. Energy Department data show that in 2009 the United States with 624 billion cubic meters of natural gas production more than Russia, the world's first gas exports are expected in the next 20 years for the United States contributed $ 700 billion economic growth and create 800,000 jobs. China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Jihong that large-scale commercial exploitation of shale gas is not only the United States can achieve energy self-sufficiency, but also compared with other countries, will have a more cost competitive. "Cost is good, the price is good, just a quarter of our Asia. Now go to Europe than words, if it is to count per one thousand cubic feet,Proppant then Europe is its current price six times, while Japan nine times the price it. "
In 2006, the U.S. shale gas production is only 1% of natural gas, by 2011, this figure becomes 25%, is expected to 2040, U.S. shale gas production will account for more than half of natural gas, while the price will be cheaper
Monday, August 19, 2013
"Shale gas revolution" to boost the U.S. economy
Shale gas is a special kind of unconventional natural gas, composition, uses the same conventional natural gas hosted in mudstone or shale, usually require a large
hydraulic fracturing and horizontal well technology can be economically extracted. Shale gas development in the world's earliest and most successful countries are the United States. In the 1970s, the oil crisis in the United States for fear of depleted oil and gas resources, government-sponsored scientific and technological research projects shale gas, shale gas research to complement conventional oil and gas approach. 1981 first shale gas well fracturing success, breaking the shale gas exploration and development of technical bottlenecks. However, until the 21st century,Ceramic proppant the U.S. shale gas industry began rapid development. 2000 U.S. annual production of 12.2 billion cubic meters of shale gas by 2011 to achieve annual production of 172 billion cubic meters already, accounting for natural gas output of 1/4 or more. Today, U.S. crude oil, natural gas imports declined year by year, its own natural gas output and consumption are rising year by year to get rid of energy importer hat. Meanwhile, plenty of cheap shale gas on the market, not only reduces the price of natural gas, more to attract more enterprises "substitute gas for coal" and "gas oil" in reducing carbon emissions and promoting environmental protection has made important contributions. As a basic industrial raw materials, the application of the U.S. shale gas continuously enhance the competitiveness of chemical products, ethylene, polyethylene and other products competitiveness even more than in the Gulf region. Low production costs have prompted manufacturers to return to the continental United States,frac proppant accelerated the national employment promotion. By shale gas development, the United States to achieve the structural transformation of the energy of the gas, and promote environmental protection, reduce the gas energy prices and related social costs, and promote scientific and technological progress and employment, enhance U.S. national energy security factor. The United States is through the "energy revolution" reconstruction by the financial crisis hit the economy empire.
British shale gas poised to attract 3.7 billion pounds annually, or investment
British Geological Survey recently released a report that the UK currently found in shale gas reserves are estimated twice before, in the north of England Bao Lande (Bowland) below the basin could hold 40 trillion cubic meters of
shale gas but it is hard to determine how much can be mined. The report also said that the development of shale gas will help the UK reduce dependence on foreign natural gas, shale gas-related industries with an annual 3.7 billion pounds for the UK to attract investment, while creating 74,000 jobs. Britain is to allow a handful of European shale gas development is one of the great powers. Western European countries forced population and environmental pressures ban shale gas development. While in the U.S. shale gas mining process of
Hydraulic fracturing technology has become commonplace, but critics have pointed out that this process exists insecurity, releasing gas into the water may cause localized vibration. UK government to placate public sentiment, the smooth progress of shale gas development, preparing to close to the exploration area communities £ 100,000 compensation allowed the sharing of one percent of shale gas development proceeds. The UK is Europe's largest gas consumer. 2012 British consume 27,600 cubic feet of natural gas,ceramic ball the country's 2015 imports of natural gas is likely to exceed its North Sea gas production. The British Government wants to study in America, through the development of shale gas onto the road to energy independence. U.S. Energy Information Administration released a report in May this year also said the use of current technology, the United Kingdom out of 26 trillion cubic feet of recoverable shale gas, the equivalent of the UK natural gas consumption for nine years.
Energy market "sensitive words"
In recent years, as China's growing energy gap, structural adjustment is imminent. In recent years,Proppant countries have corresponding policies, shale gas exploration and exploitation in the fee waiver to encourage private capital access for the green light, but also the implementation of shale gas development and utilization of subsidies 2012-2015 subsidy 0.4 yuan per cubic meter. In many favorable policies, the state-owned oil companies to bring deep technology, resources [3.86%], strong into the field.fracturing proppant Has formed the theoretical methods and shale oil and gas fracturing technology system, and in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other capacity-building series of demonstration projects. Initially formed a complete shale gas technology, and in Sichuan Changning - Weiyuan and Yunnan Zhaotong built two state-level demonstration zones of
shale gas , plans to build production capacity of 20 million 500 million cubic meters or more. State-owned enterprises are also actively cooperate with foreign giants, from the U.S. to China's Great Leap Forward in the industry budding industry, shale gas fire which seems to green energy rises higher.
Energy sector, "newborn"
In China, shale gas is the energy sector, "newborn", in December 2011 was only approved by the State Council as an independent minerals. However, in the international arena, because of
shale gas reservoir area has long been mined long life, long production cycle and other unique advantages, as an important complement to conventional energy sources. In recent years, the United States launched the "shale gas revolution", it is by virtue of the large-scale commercial shale gas exploitation, the country gradually get rid of dependence on imported energy, took a benign self-sufficiency road. In the 1970s, out of concern for their own oil and gas resources, the U.S. government science and technology research organization and implementation of shale gas projects, want from unconventional energy to find a breakthrough. 1981 first shale gas well fracturing success, marking a major breakthrough in technology barrier. 20 years from 1979-1999, the U.S. shale gas annual net increase of seven times, initially confirmed the great potential of the industry. In the 21st century, with horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing large,fracturing proppant repeat fracturing, staged fracturing promote the use of technologies such as the U.S. shale gas industry to really take off into. Shale gas production in 2011 to achieve 172 billion cubic meters, with annual output of 12.2 billion cubic meters compared with 2000, an increase of more than 10 times, accounting for the same year of natural gas output of 1/4 or more. The rapid development of shale gas in the United States reduced the price of gas energy and related social costs, promote the optimization of energy structure adjustment,hydraulic fracturing while promoting environmental protection, accelerate employment and ensure national energy security, played a significant role can not be ignored.
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