Tan new oil fracturing proppant Development

Fracturing technology for worldwide oil production plays a very important role, while oil f fracturing proppant  fracturing technology is the ability to obtain oil key to success. High proppant for crude petroleum play an important role. Oil fracturing proppant, is to make deep geological formations rock fractures remain split state supports, particle size 0.4 ~ 0.9mm, there is a certain roundness and sphericity. During use, the  Proppant  fracturing fluid mixed with the use of coercion injected deep cracks in the rock strata support in order to improve oil derivative, increase oil production.

At present, the domestic use more   Frac sand ，  sand, but their strength is low, only for shallow wells mined. If the proppant used in deep, it would be difficult with the formation pressure, and formation tremendous variety of corrosion in the environment will be a lot of broken, broken rate is generally 15% to 25%, but prevents the outflow of oil is difficult to meet the well requirements. Internationally (such as the U.S.) to use more sintered corundum products, but this system on the mouth although the physical and chemical properties to meet the requirements, but the sources of raw materials difficult, complicated process, and the high energy consumption and high cost.

We use rich bauxite resources in Guizhou, with special accessories, through a small test lab, get a new proppant basically achieve the desired purpose.
One of the main raw material bauxite proppant.
Accessories:
Of the finished product to achieve the desired effect, different materials can be added for sintering.
1, TiO2: can promote the sintering, the sintering temperature is lower, significantly saving energy.
2, chromite: A good crystallinity agent be added to the raw material can promote the sintering, to improve the hardness and strength of proppant.
3, magnetite: Chemical composition of Fe3O4, the charge can be adjusted by adding the charge of black iron oxide content, the lower the melt viscosity, improve crystallinity, to improve the mechanical strength of the proppant.
4, boron, boron phosphate, and other boron compounds, to promote removal of alkali from the alumina.
Second, the charge mix design
1, based on ingredients
Select the ingredients should be simple, in order to meet the melt viscosity, melting temperature, crystallization, shrinkage, etc., the proppant used MgO ~ AL2O3-SiO2 system to eventually corundum crystalline phase precipitates principle ingredient point selection near the corundum The chemical composition, the chemical composition of the main raw material thus should be controlled.
Ingredients and fear using different materials ratio on the performance of the proppant play a decisive role. Sintered materials are usually mixed materials accounted for about 30% by weight, the best matching accessories and Ingredients different process than the range of conditions. Sintered proppant application of the following requirements:
a, the proppant should have a high breaking strength and low rates.
b, proppant should have good chemical stability, especially in acid corrosion.
c, proppant material should have good stability sintering, at lower sintering temperatures.
d, to minimize brittleness proppant.
Four, into a ball craft
In this study, using a special process into a ball, ceramic sand process as follows: the mixture into the crushing device, crushed to a certain size, then add to the mixing device, mixing ground into finer powder having an average particles of uniform diameter of less than 15 microns dry. Adding a sufficient amount of water, and the mixture was stirred, to which labeled wet powder, trapped material 10h, balls made of wet powder, and put into a ball machine, intermittently sprayed into mist, when the cue ball appears, intermittent, alternately adding dry and mist, and strictly control the amount of added dry mist of time, so that the cue ball gradually reach the required size. Good spheroids of 100 to 300 degrees drying temperature until the moisture content of pellets <3%, preferably <1%. Optimum drying temperature of 175 to 275 degrees, the drying time of 30 to 60 minutes.
Fifth, the crystallization annealing process
Crystallization and annealing process carried out in the tunnel kiln. Roundness sorting meet the requirements of pellets at room temperature, the tunnel kiln for sintering. In the sintering process to strictly control the sintering time and temperature.
Six, physical and chemical properties of proppants
Phase composition: can be observed under a polarizing microscope to microcrystalline corundum phase 55.5% ~ 82.5%, 17.5% to 45% of the residual glass phase.
Grain size, sphericity and roundness: This experiment made of more than 95% of the proppant particles, particle size range of 0.45 ~ 0.9mm, wherein 0.45 ~ 0.75mm about 4%, 0.75 ~ 0.85mm about 8% , 0.9mm accounting for about 83%, in accordance with the required size proppant targets. 96% pellets, roundness and sphericity of 0.9, in line with the American Petroleum Institute APIR-60 ball and roundness of recommendation.
Broken rate: According APIR-60 Recommended test methods, 10 times proppant crushing test, after testing, the average crushing rate of 4.1%, better than APIR-60 recommended standard value of 10%.
Chemical stability: The chemical stability of the support primarily to evaluate the acid resistance, the support agent in an acid solubility of 4.54%, better than recommended APIR-60 standard value of 5.5%.
VII Conclusion
Bauxite as the main raw material, with special accessories made of charge, by melting into a ball and a special heat treatment process for the development of a new type of proppant fracturing proppant can meet the technical specifications of the requirements for in providing more excellent deep fracturing proppant, there is greater economic and social benefits.
 c, to ceramic sand equipment produced ceramic sand waterproofing agent added: waterproofing agent may preferably fatty acid compound class, the other cut capillary waterproofing agents can also be used, such as the four base silanol sodium.
4, pumping improved techniques: Because ceramic highly absorbent, after the preparation of the concrete block and was able to absorb a lot of water in the concrete pumping loss of mobility and difficult, problem caused by the application to their construction. If the preparation of a large ceramic concrete pumping liquidity, has been eager to solve the technical problems at home and abroad. Ceramic sand manufacturers to improve its pumping method has the following four. When these four methods are used together, can better solve their basic pumping problems.
a, adding superplasticizer: This is the most effective method. Superplasticizer good errand water plasticizing properties, adding later can greatly improve the fluidity of concrete so easy ceramic concrete pumping. First of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, others such as FDN, SM, UNF etc. can be used, the amount of cement is about 0.5%! 1%.
b, adding fly ash: fly ash particles are hard tight smooth glass beads, as the ball bearing, with good lubricating effect, can greatly improve the fluidity and physical block, in particular in and efficient superplasticizer used in conjunction with the case, the better. Fly ash should be used in one, two, or finely ground gray ash (specific surface area 400m2/kg), its cement content of 10% to 20%.
c, ceramic pre-wet: ceramic pre-wet 0.5h more, you can make it up to a certain degree of water saturation, reduce their pens and a large number of absorbent material inside. The longer the pre-wet, the better pumping. Can be pre-wet water, soaked in water, pressurized soaked three methods.
d, with active water: using magnetized water activity also improves concrete pumping. Magnetization magnetized machine-made active water availability.