Propped fracture conductivity Factors

Support proppant fracture conductivity is the physical properties and the conditions in which the comprehensive reflection of cracks, it is the proppant selection and optimization of the most critical parameters. Propped fracture conductivity affect more factors, including: the propped fracture withstand the force, the physical properties of the  Proppant   the proppant in the fracture and proppant concentration laid on rock embedding, time and fracturing pressure liquid on the propped fracture injuries and many other factors.
Next, we performed a detailed analysis of the various factors:
Factors one: stress and pore pressure
Support band formed after  Fracturing proppant  in the fracture closure pressure to bear, it is the formation in situ stress that the minimum principal stress and pore pressure difference, usually equivalent to the formation fracture pressure and bottomhole flowing pressure difference between Although different types of proppant, but their conductivity capabilities are closed with the pressure increases.
Two factors: physical properties of proppants.
Proppant particle size uniformity, roundness and sphericity and proppant crushing rate on the support has an impact fracture conductivity. The higher uniformity of the  ceramic proppant ，  the higher the conductivity, so the use of proppants should meet the requirements that the particle size range in accordance with the percentage by mass of 90%, and as far as possible in a smaller particle size concentration within the range of 0.40 ~ 0.80mm specifications such as ceramic particle size concentration is 0.50 ~ 0.80mm in higher conductivity. Because a higher rate of proppant crushing long-term conductivity decreased greatly, so the priority field  fracturing proppant  crushing lower obtain higher fracture conductivity.
Three factors: laid proppant concentration.
Laid proppant concentration refers to the unit dose supporting wall cracks, commonly kg / m expressed. Fracture conductivity fracture proppant with laid concentration increased, multi laid proppant can not only reduce the degree of fragmentation, but also increase the crack width.
Four factors: proppant crushing and embedding.
The support belt when the crack is closed when the proppant particles will be embedded in the wall Fracture rock or rock crushing, both of which affect the effective fracture width and fracture permeability, thus affecting the fracture conductivity decreased. Rock hard, the proppant will be crushed, soft formations, the main is embedded.
Five factors: the  fracturing   fluid.
After fracturing fluid flowback poor are still some broken plastic fracturing fluid and the residue remaining in the pores of the support band, coupled with fracturing fluid in the formation of cracks in the wall of the filter cake, etc., will lead to a decline in fracture conductivity. Fracturing fluid used at home and abroad Many different types of fracturing fluid on the ability to maintain different levels of diversion.
Six factors: effective stress time.
Propped fracture in the formation effectively under stress to obtain and maintain long-term high oil flow capacity is the key to stable. Experimental results show that propped fracture under stress in the ground conductivity decreasing rapidly within 50h, 50h after basically stable, but as time goes on, its conductivity decreases.