Proppant What?

Proppant What? Proppant understand the types and properties of  Proppant   for oil production efficiency is undoubtedly very important. What should proppant hydraulic fracturing from the perspective divide. Have used a variety of  Hydraulic fracturing  proppant, such as quartz sand, aluminum balls, walnut shells, glass beads, plastic balls, ceramic, plastic clad sand. Proppant according to the strength and hardness can be divided into hard and brittle and toughness proppant proppant. Brittle brittle proppant proppant is greater hardness proppant, under pressure in the closed proppant easily deformed, mainly quartz sand and ceramic.
Proppant What? Natural quartz sand is the preferred  frac sand  yet widely used (about 55%), the main chemical composition is silicon oxide (SiO2), accompanied by a small amount of aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other compounds and a small amount of impurities . Quartz content is a measure of an important indicator of the quality of quartz sand, quartz sand of fracturing the quartz content is generally about 80%; foreign high-quality quartz sand quartz content of up to 98%. Proppant What? In addition to it than there are artificial quartz sand deep ceramic high closing pressure to meet the requirements of the reservoir fracturing, developed a synthetic ceramic (ceramsite) proppant with a solid body and hollow body ceramic.
Including  the strength of  Ceramic proppant   Aluminum or aluminum clay alumina (alumina and aluminum silicate) manufactured, wherein the alumina or aluminum content of 46% by weight to 77% silica content of 13% to 55%, and small amounts of other oxides. (2) high-strength ceramic proppant. The material of bauxite or alumina manufacture, wherein the alumina content of 85% to 90% silica 3% to 6%, 4% to 7% of iron oxide, titanium oxide, 3% ~ 4% (TiO2). Ceramic  Proppant  higher strength at high pressure provides higher closure fracture conductivity; And with the closure pressure increase and pressure prolonged decreasing conductivity is much slower than quartz. But ceramic density, pumping difficulties; process difficult and expensive; And with the aluminum content increases, ceramic compressive strength increases, but the density is increased accordingly, should strike a balance between the two.