Actively promote the construction of gas infrastructure

First, actively promote the catalog revision approved , the State Council approved the partial decentralization of natural gas pipeline approval authority and the establishment of local provincial pipeline network and other infrastructure planning filing system. Second, efforts to conduct non- oil and gas reservoirs maide Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants Underground Gas Storages census screening and evaluation. The third is to accelerate the underground gas storage and other storage facilities approved work to ensure that gas storage facilities and pipelines Unicom . The fourth is to encourage the development of the country engaged in LNG import projects , the required domestic production of imported equipment can not be exempted from import duties within the specified range. Fifth, encourage inter-provincial pipeline network interconnection . Six are actively exploring strategic reserves of natural gas . Seven is based on coastal natural gas terminal layout , strengthen the interface and port planning , supporting the construction of the port unloading interim storage and transportation facilities , good navigation safety impact assessment and shoreline use approval work . Eight major projects is to strengthen social risk assessment maide natural gas fracturing efforts . Nine is to continue to press the " State Council to encourage and guide the healthy development of private investment in a number of opinions " (Guo Fa [2010] No. 13 ) requires the active support of the construction of private equity capital for natural gas storage facilities and urban pipeline network .

Features moderate proppant

Used in a wide range with maide proppant conductivity good resistance to crushing capacity ;
Effective for closure stress of 14,000 psi;
Usually used in medium depth oil and gas wells ;
Available in three standard -size products - 16/30 , 20 /40 and 30 /60 ;
Also available 40 / 70 and 100 mesh for maide resin coated ceramic proppant gravel packing , frac packing and fracturing drop filter .

Proppant performance requirements

A proppant have sufficient compressive strength and wear resistance , can withstand the strong proppant manufacturers pressure and friction time of injection , and effectively support the artificial cracks.
2 , the relative density of the proppant particles must be low, to facilitate pumped downhole .
3 , proppant particles under conditions of a temperature of 200 degrees , and the fracturing fluid and the reservoir fluid is not a chemical effect , the solubility of the acid should be less than the proppant sand manufacturers maximum allowable value of 7% .

Solid phenolic resin sand sand construction methods and construction process parameters

Different sand method of construction procedures and parameters are different , here focuses on several commonly used chemical sand oilfield construction procedures and parameters .
Phenolic resin solid construction sand and construction process parameters
( A ) perforating : vacuum perforating hole density of 20 holes / m, pore size of not less than 10mm.
( 2 ) wash well : there is no solid well fracking phase with a plus cleaning liquid clay anti-swelling agent, emulsifier and anti- flushing .
( 3 ) through well : with less than 4-6 mm casing diameter wells regulatory pass through to the lower bound of the following reservoir 20m, no Difficult phenomenon .
Anti ( 4 ) under the sand column : Full Wells once sand , light pipe above the upper boundary of the reservoir was completed in 5 ~ 10m, installed wellhead for construction ; multi- layered reservoir sand Nagai segment , using the first down into the packer , from under the previous paragraph by paragraph, sand , each segment length control wells within 20 m.
( 5 ) being extruded activity Diesel : Diesel ceramic proppant was added 1% of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether -8 active agents, i.e. the activity of diesel oil in an amount of not less per m perforation 500 L, CC 300 L / mim.
( 6 ) being squeezed hydrochloric acid : hydrochloric acid concentration of 5% to 7 % per meter reservoir perforation less than 200 L, displacement 300L/min.
( 7 ) being squeezed diesel : the amount of 2m, displacement 300L/min.
( 8 ) being squeezed phenolic resin solution : oil per meter perforation less than 200 L, displacement 300L/min.
( 9 ) n- extrusion pore former ( diesel ) : the amount of resin in an amount of 2 to 3 times the displacement 300L/min.
( 10 ) n- extrusion curing agent ( HCl ) : HCl concentration of 10% to 12%, an amount of 2 to 3 times the amount of resin , the displacement 300L/min.
( 11 ) are squeezed replace liquid ( diesel ) : All hydrochloride squeeze oil displacement 300L/min.
( 12 ) shut Hou Ning 48h or more.
( 13 ) kill , resin surface exploration drilling plug to artificial bottom.
( 14 ) down into the production string production.

Ten dozen naked eye liner fracturing level

In 2006 , a new openhole multistage fracturing ⑴ only fat ) completions plus 0 ^ 06 counties use ( see Figure of ) ) , the process was initially raised in Texas in 2001 , aims to improve time efficiency multi-stage fracturing , reduce operating costs, improve system reliability and repeatable operational capacity . Openhole multistage resin coated frac sand fracturing system of water power external casing packer packer to isolate the layers instead of cementing section , packer sealing elastic element usually bore the naked eye , without starting a milling or drilling production , while taking advantage of Slide tool in the wellbore to form a channel between the packer , instead of casing perforation . These tools can be opened by a hydraulic sleeve or by putting ( multiple > Start the ball to a particular size and open channel switching sleeve of these balls can be achieved between the inner tube packer levels , thus eliminating the need for a bridge plug . Openhole multistage the main advantage of the system is that all fracturing fracturing treatment can be resin coated proppant completed consecutive trip string without using bridge plug , saving the time and cost after completion of stimulation , can quickly flowback and production, the latter can also be drilled in addition to ball Block abroad compared the effect of long-term production Barnett shale cementing and fracturing multistage openhole completions studies show that: although in some areas of casing cementing mainstream , traditional values ​​still insist on using the well casing , but Barnett shale production borehole effect is significantly better than cementing production results , 031X611 ^ 0 ^ 06 ^ 61 , who in 2010 compared the Barnett two parallel horizontal wellbore adjacent wells , two wells with different finish well ways : well people using multistage openhole completions ( uncorrected ten ten pitching sleeve fracturing > ; well casing cementing 8 uses ten ten bridge plug wells perforated completion completion of stages , proppant and pressure . fracturing fluid volume is relatively close ; However, during the three years of production , the well person is almost 2.5 times the cumulative production wells 8 ⑸.

Shale ceramic ball

Can be used as a gas source rocks and reservoir rocks and reservoir has a continuous distribution , low porosity and low permeability ultralight weight , high brittleness and other characteristics. Shale gas in three forms: free gas in rock pores , natural fractures in the free gas and adsorbed gas upbraid these different organic mineral surface oil well fracking mechanism directly affects the way shale gas development , speed and efficiency.
Global Energy Studies estimates that large shale gas resources are mainly distributed in North America, Latin America and Asia Pacific. 2012 study showed that the U.S. shale gas resources of approximately 415 000x10 ^ 520 000 qe 108 V, Canada, approximately 140 000x10 ^ 170 000x10 ^ ^ 3, China's major shale gas basins and large areas of recoverable resources of approximately 260 000 qe 108 V, while the resource situation in other parts of research is very limited.
Experience shows that U.S. shale gas development : increase the level of technology especially well fracturing technology [ 1 ] , for shale gas development is vital, other important technologies, including directional drilling horizontal wells and reservoir description .

Fuzzy recognition in jianshan long hu 4 + 5 reservoir ceramic ballWells picked layer of the application

Along with the low high density ceramic reservoirs in our country, as a kind of important fracturing reformation, stimulation of more and more get the attention of the researchers. The stand or fall of fracturing effect is closely related to choose well layer. Currently live mainly on traditional experience to select the layer construction well, have a certain subjectivity, blindness, cannot guarantee very good production effect after the pressure. Previous fracturing with fuzzy recognition to choose well layer research, confirmed to choose well layer, the application of this method in the field is feasible. The author in jianshan long hu reservoir as the bauxite proppant object, according to the reservoir fracturing production over the years the implementation of data statistics and analysis, using the basic principle of fuzzy mathematics to establish the mathematical model suitable for the area of fracturing Wells selected layer and or standard, the class for the area and ordos basin reservoir fracturing work provides a useful quantitative research train of thought. Basic geological characteristics of ordos basin oil and gas prospects in China, one of the most abundant large sedimentary basin has the characteristics of vertical on the multi petroleum. Hu jianshan oilfield is located in shaanxi province sense, wuqi county, reg

Proppant pressure in the closed state

According to the strength of the proppant , the relative relationship between the hardness , the hardness of the rock wall and the closing pressure (close pressure) , the pressure in the closed ceramic proppant has three states .
1 ) proppant embedment formations . If proppant harder than rock hardness , fracture surface embedded proppant , thereby reducing support crack width, reduce fracture conductivity .
2 ) proppant was crushed. If the hardness is less than the proppant rock hardness and compressive strength of the proppant to be smaller than the closing pressure , the proppant is crushed. This not only reduces the propped fracture width , and because of the mutual -embedded proppant crushing support also reduces the fracture permeability , thereby reducing the fracture conductivity .
3 ) proppant compressive deformation. For toughness well fracking, pressure in the closed first ductile deformation proppant increased bearing area , thereby increasing the bearing capacity without proppant crushing . Thus , although the use of toughness proppant proppant fracture width is reduced , but the broken particles do not exist, so there is still a relatively high fracture conductivity .

Sand control method when the choice must consider factors

Sand control method when the choice must consider factors
(1) completion types: common way of well ultra lightweight proppant with open hole completion and casing perforation completion. For crude oil viscosity on the high side, without water, gas interlayer with single reservoir section cementation sandstone can consider advanced gravel packing sand control to the unaided eye, in order to improve the seepage area, reducing reservoir damage, higher capacity.
The complex relationship of oil, gas, water, intercalation of Wells with casing perforation completion should be taken into account. Can be carried out with the first or early gravel pack sand control pipe.
(2) the completion interval length: mechanical sand control, generally without being limited by the interval length, such as sandwich thicker, can consider to block sand control. Chemical sand control is mainly proppant manufacturers for short hole formation.
(3) the formation physical property, chemical sand control on the formation sand with wider range of adaptation, especially applicable to the fine siltstone. But in the oil well, high water cut period, the success rate of sand. ECP arch sand control is suitable for high shale content, sand production is not serious in medium and low permeability formation. Wire wrapped screen gravel packing requirements for grain size, permeability, heterogeneity is not high, but the silty sand rock is not applicable. Sand filter tube sand control generally applies only to medium and thick sandstone.
(4) the wellbore and wellsite conditions: slimhole, abnormal high pressure layer, double chemical sand control completion of the upper strata appropriate is used, in addition, the chemical sand control must pay special attention to the reservoir temperature, because it has a important effect on chemical curing. If the scene without drilling rig (or rig) can't to do mechanical sand control.
(5) the capacity loss: no matter what kind of sand control methods, should be on the premise of control sand production, minimize the oil (gas) well productivity loss. Arching, by contrast, sand control capacity loss minimum, but poor stability of sand; The highest open hole gravel pack sand control capacity, as long as conditions permit should give priority to choose; Fine siltstone easy cause ordinary sand filter tube jam, lead to sharp decline in capacity, should not be used sand filter tube sand control; For gravel pack wire wrapped screen tube or chemical sand control technical measures should be adopted in the construction of reasonable matching, maximize maintain oil well productivity.
(6) cost, construction cost is an important factor in choosing sand control technology, but also want to consider the long-term comprehensive economic benefits of sand control.

Oil and gas well sand production is one of the important problems facing the loose sandstone reservoir

Oil and gas well sand production is one of the important problems facing the loose sandstone reservoir. The harm of sand production is mainly manifested in the following four aspects:
Oil and gas well production or shut down
Oil and gas well sand production, easy to proppant conductivity sand buried reservoir, sand plug tubing and manifold and storage tanks in the sand, which was forced to shut down operations. Rinse the sand buried reservoir, sand plug removal of tubing, both time-consuming and expensive, also can't completely solve problem. To resume production soon and need to work, live, shorter production cycle and make the oil and gas production, homework cost huge increase, serious economic loss.
The ground and underground equipment and pipeline abrasion
Hydrocarbon flow carried in the formation of sand main composition is sio2, the hardness is very high, is a destructive strong abrasive, can resin coated ceramic proppant the pump seat wear and no seal, valve ball pitting, rod and pump cylinder strain, ground valve failure, serious erosion, oil transfer pump impeller thus forced to shut-in homework, replace or repair the equipment, cause the loss of production, the cost is rising.
Casing damage to oil and gas Wells scrap
Serious sand production for a long time in outside casing a huge hole, inner and outer force imbalance lead to sudden formation collapse, cause casing deformation, light weight, casing was wrong fault collapsing, lead to oil and gas Wells of scrapped.
Destroy the formation of the original structure or cause the formation permeability near wellbore area of serious decline
Oil and gas well after the sand, sand migration, formation sand near wellbore area of sedimentation is more, far wellbore area becomes loose structure. Caused a significant reduction in the formation permeability near wellbore area, oil and gas well production decline.
Solve the problem of oil and gas Wells sand production, must be based on the early prevention and control, to reduce the damage to the reservoir cementing