Twentieth Century 50 - 60 years, metal aluminum ball, plastic ball, walnut shell, glass ball have had as proppant materials used, but because of their own deficiency has been eliminated.
ceramic proppant used at present are mainly quartz sand and ceramsite III.
As oil fracturing proppant , quartz sand is of relatively low density, convenient for construction of pump, the advantage of low cost.
However, there are also low strength, easy breakage, sphericity and surface finish is low,fracturing proppants is not conducive to guide oil penetration defects.
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