Unconventional gas tax incentive policy

Energy issues related to economic development and social stability, looking for alternative energy is the most important means to ceramic ball the problem of energy, unconventional gas because of its huge resource potential and brought to the attention of the governments. Refers to the unconventional natural gas accumulation mechanism, occurrence state, distribution, or the exploration and development mode is different from the conventional gas hydrocarbon (or non-hydrocarbon) resources, mainly including tight gas, coal-bed methane and shale gas. According to a 2010 conference in Houston data estimation, global unconventional gas resources is about 2.338 quadrillion cubic meters, more than four times the conventional natural gas resources. Unconventional gas has high technical requirements and the characteristics of the high cost, so many countries to give support to the development of unconventional gas. The United States is the highest level of unconventional gas development. In 2009 the United States, natural gas production in Russia for the first time reached 592.9 billion cubic meters, become the world's largest proppant suppliers producing countries, major contribution from unconventional gas yield increase. In 1990 America's unconventional natural gas accounted for the proportion of the total output of natural gas is less than 15%, and the proportion has reached 60% in 2010. Technological advances and rising gas prices increase the economy of developing unconventional gas, unconventional gas in the United States in recent years the rapid development of the important reasons.

Taoli sand seismic performance and insulation performance

Ceramsite concrete due to the quality of light, low elastic modulus, resistance to deformation performance is good, so has good seismic performance, ceramsite sand around a number of brick buildings are in different degrees by the earthquake. Although it is associated with building structure system, but the frac sand companies concrete has excellent seismic performance is also an important reason. 1976 Italian LiuLi area of strong earthquake with a magnitude 9, statistics show that the brick building damage rate was 40% ~ 40%, the frame structure of clay brick building the damage rate was 33%, and ceramsite concrete building damage rate is only 5%. Ceramsite ceramsite sand seismic performance thus, heat preservation, heat insulation frac sand due to internal porous, so it has good insulation, the thermal conductivity of concrete prepared with it, as a general rule, be 0.3 ~ 0.8 W/(mok), 1 ~ 2 times lower than the normal concrete. Ceramsite architecture has good thermal environment, according to the test for many times, ceramsite sand ceramsite concrete permeability resistance is better than that of ordinary concrete. With 20 mpa ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete, for example, by comparing multiple tests, ordinary concrete impermeability index for B6, and can achieve B18 ceramsite concrete is to B25.

Support the artificial fracture of proppant

Is the purpose of the hydraulic fracturing with frac sand companiesin formation formed a support of the artificial fracture, high to low permeability reservoir capacity. Proppant, and in the process of fracturing pump injection into the formation, due to the fracturing liquid carrying, reservoir water and the existence of condensate water, led to the fracturing proppant has been in the process of the production and formation water in the process of soaking, according to the conventional experimental methods selection under the condition of proppant can meet the needs of the actual reservoir percolation relations become reservoir optimization designers need to consider the problem. In this paper the present fracturing acidizing fracture diverting capacity test and analysis system, for the first time in a simulated formation water environment of formation water after soaking frac sand crushing rate, compares the flow conductivity performance evaluation experiment, for proppant fracturing stimulation in more optimal selection provides certain reference basis. A, experimental apparatus and principle 1. The experimental apparatus in haian oil machinery factory production of fracturing acidizing fracture diverting capacity test and analysis system, the instrument can simulate the formation temperature and pressure, training room, in accordance with API standard design, proppant crushing rate experiment used broken reference oil formulated the industry standard SY/T5108-2006.

Loose sand reservoir fracturing proppant grain filling

Loose sand strata fracturing proppant size filling optimizing fracturing technique is implemented in loose sandstone formation, after, if serious proppant embed and sand invasion in frac sand quantities, pack diverting capacity will be greatly, fracture failure acceleration, and both are closely related to the particle size of proppant. Data show that in soft formation, the particle size of proppant on embedded influence is very big, but not for in-depth study. Traditional gravel pack sand control, Saucier rule is not suitable for sand control selection criteria, the site construction, fracturing proppant to enlarge standards, such as 6 ~ 8 times, 7 ~ 9 times, even more is better, but still no unified standard. The author in view of the implementation of king county oilfield fracturing pack two loose sand high permeability reservoirs, through the design of proppant in soft formation embedding and cracks in the wall and the end of the sand contamination test, proppant size optimization. 1 test proppant embedded in soft formation and fracture surface of sand contamination of test device makes full use of FCES - 100 type fracture flow meter, homemade loose sand rock plate, designed to simulate the formation of cracks in the wall embedded and sand contamination test,

Unconventional gas

Should also include unconventional gas does not involve all function and process of organic reaction generated hydrocarbons or non hydrocarbon gas, they belong to the abiogenic gas. Gaza fracturing with multiple fracturing sand, in the domestic main using ceramsite sand and quartz sand is the most popular way is mainly oil field production ~ ~ ~ and oilfield chemical drugs frac sand companies known as the melon glue adhesive, glue, and then pressed ceramsite to the formation of cracks, and then oil can through the flow channel is formed frac sand ceramsite. Ceramsite fracturing proppant high-quality clay as the main raw material made of fine ground into powder, match with various additives, repeated practice, granulating, polishing, high temperature sintering, the product has high crushing strength, low density, good sphericity, high smoothness, diversion ability, etc. Ceramsite sand belongs to a kind of oil fracturing proppant, relative to ordinary quartz sand proppant, its strong compression ability, low broken rate, it is mainly used for deep well fracturing.

generally for a film, surface gloss, no less roasting ceramsite is smooth

When using ceramsite, can be adopted according to the actual needs of the different types of ceramsite sand free from different density and frac sand companies grade macroporous, full light, ultra light reinforced or prestressed concrete; Can be prepared into various types of wall products and building components, can also be used to fill, cast-in-situ, the sliding mode such as construction work. Framework for all kinds of building system, such as filling, or the bearing block building, a mould SanBan, all within the assembly of large plate, sprinkle plugins, all watering can apply sliding mode building and so on. Any wall of the building (article inside the block, cladding, partition board, floor, roof boarding, beams, and part of the foundation and so on, all can be made with fracturing proppant concrete, which is unmatched by any other new walling. Ceramsite grain size is usually 5 ~ 20 largest size is 25 ㎜ ㎜. Ceramsite are commonly used to replace the gravel and pebbles in concrete.

Because a lot of raw materials production ceramsite,

Ceramsite breed is very much also, so many color also.

Unburned ceramsite used for solid waste,

Different color, generally for a film, surface gloss, no less roasting ceramsite is smooth.

Ceramic balls are widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, fertilizer industry, natural gas and environmental protection

Ceramic balls are widely used in petroleum, chemical, fertilizer, gas and environmental protection industries, as a catalyst in the reactor to cover support material and tower packing. It has a high frac sand companies and high pressure resistance, bibulous rate is low, the characteristics of the chemical performance is stable. Can withstand the erosion of acid, alkali and other organic solvents, and can endure in the production process of temperature changes. Its main function is to increase gas or liquid distribution points, support and protection intensity is not high activity of the catalyst. Porcelain ball categories: porcelain ball according to use classification can be divided into: packing porcelain ball and grinding ball is two kinds: packing type of porcelain ball main effect is to increase gas or liquid distribution points, support and protection intensity is not high activity of the catalyst. fracturing proppanton the inert alumina ceramic ball AL2O3 content, filler type of porcelain ball can be divided into: ordinary ceramic ball, the inert alumina ceramic ball, chinalco porcelain, high alumina ceramic ball, 99 high alumina porcelain, porcelain ball with convex concave groove opening, active porcelain ball, opening porcelain ball, microporous ceramic ball, regenerative porcelain ball. Grinding type of porcelain ball is used for ball mill, cylindrical grinding machine, vibration grinding machine, fine crushing equipment of grinding medium. Grinding kind of porcelain ball has high hardness, the advantages of larger volume density, corrosion resistance, the grinding efficiency and wear resistance significantly better than ordinary or natural pebble stone, in ceramics, glass, enamel, pigment, chemical and other industries widely used. Depending on the content of AL2O3, grinding type of porcelain porcelain silicon carbide grinding ball, microcrystalline chinalco mill porcelain ball, high alumina grinding balls.

Proppant fracturing production of oil and gas of low permeability oil and gas well drilling an important new technology to increase production

Proppant fracturing production of oil and gas of low permeability oil and gas well drilling an important new technology to increase production. Proppant (fracturing proppant) construction of key materials. Proppant fracturing fluid into and support in the crevice of fracturing formation, thus effectively will import of oil and gas oil and gas Wells, increase oil and gas production and extend the life of the well. Proppant for a certain particle size and size distribution of natural sand and artificial high strength ceramic particles. Ceramsite support (ceramic proppant) with bauxite as raw material, through the powder granulating, sintering, high temperature resistance, high pressure, frac sand companies resistance, high strength, high conductivity, low density, low breakage rate and other characteristics, the most widely used. In the sand and ceramsite surface coating resin, to further improve the strength and performance of proppant. The type of proppant fracturing proppant can be roughly divided into natural and man-made two kinds big. The former is represented by quartz sand, the latter is often called frac sand proppant.

The purpose of lightweight ceramsite and usage

Use and usage of lightweight frac sand companies: lightweight ceramsite backfill for building construction key points of the main characteristics and excellent performance of lightweight ceramsite light weight, large cylinder compressive strength, bibulous rate is small, low thermal conductivity, used for building lavatory basin, bath crock backfill, replace the used sand and gravel packing, thereby significantly reducing floor load, reduce the settlement due to packing, water absorption, leakage phenomenon caused by the surface cracking, and frac sand construction speed is quick, simple construction, construction can keep the floor clean, clean. Because of light weight, can also reduce material lifting and transport. Therefore, lightweight ceramsite is the most ideal in industrial and civil buildings back to packing.