Resin coated proppant was developed in 1976

Resin coated proppant was developed in 1976. Curable resin-coated proppant remains the industry standard to prevent flowback. Curable resin-coated proppant can be included with the fracturing fluid at 100% or as tail-in in the range of 15% to 30% of the total proppant amount.Curable resin-coated proppant in the presence of pressure, temperature, and moisture is pressed together. The resin that is coated onto the proppant begins to cure and bond, forming a proppant pack. Neither sand nor ceramic proppant alone can prevent proppant flowback because these elements cannot bond (Table 1).After shut-in, the pumping company flows back the hydraulic fracturing fluid. Because the individual curable resin-coated proppant particles have bonded to each other, these particles are unable to flow back into the well-bore. The pumping company working on behalf of the operator has prevented proppant flowback and the damaging effects of that condition.