Oil fracturing proppant reuse analysis

As technology continues to improve the level of human solid waste generated has also increased a lot of solid waste piling up posing a great threat for the survival of the environment. Solid waste generally refers to the processing and circulation of human consumption in the production process and access to life and other discarded after the target component solids and mud-like substance. According to management needs can be divided into three categories: namely, industrial solid waste and hazardous solid waste in municipal waste. Storage of these wastes not only take up a lot of land and stacked solid dust arising caused great harm to the environment. The utilization of solid waste on the current development of China's circular economy has an important significance. For the preparation of oil  Fracturing proppant  industrial waste refers to a high content of useful components such as alumina, silica, industrial solid wastes such as red mud fly ash ceramic roller production wastes. Preparation of the adoption of these solid waste oil fracturing proppant that can be salvaged and can protect the environment is the development of oil fracturing proppant in one direction. Red mud is generated during the production of alumina bauxite solid waste produced annually worldwide is estimated about 60 million T red mud. Oil fracturing proppant of red mud annually more than 400 million t National Huang accumulated stacked 2000000000 t but the comprehensive utilization rate is only about 15%. Red mud piled up a lot of land and farmland consume more stacked construction and maintenance costs and red mud fluoride and other pollutants in the soaking and alkali soils under the influence will be a substantial source of pollution of groundwater leaching; solid powder can also cause dust pollution ecological environment and human health. Red mud  ceramic proppant  has been preparing related reports Yin Guoxun such as the use of red mud as main raw material combined with other materials such as fly ash gangue add a small amount of admixture preparation of the new ceramic.

The prepared ceramic particle density rating of 600 anti-stress 410N cylinder compressive strength equal to 5.5MPa. Chinese patent application discloses a "red mud was prepared using the acid fracturing proppant Methods" quality of raw material percentage: 20% of red mud to 60% aluminum material 20% to 60% barium-containing substance 5% to 5% plasticizer 5 % ~ 15%. Acid fracturing proppant preparation process is to red mud and aluminum-containing substance is placed in a ball mill grinding to a certain intensity of the powder followed by the addition of barium-containing material made of semi-plasticizer mixture milled particles sintered at 1200 to 1400 degrees 1 ~ 3h from. Tian et al carried out using a distinctive red mud pressure acid preparation proppant main raw material used in the study of red mud waste refractory barium carbonate plasticizer. Studies suggest that: increase the acid resistance of  Proppant  during sintering due to the formation of monoclinic celsian BaAl2Si2O8. Ceramic rollers are ceramic rollers waste in the production process of waste produced by the domestic ceramic rod scrap production and use of each fracture roll bar about 8000 ~ 10000t. Ceramic rollers chemical waste alumina content greater than 60% with ceramic sticks or industrial scrap substitute quality bauxite alumina powder prepared by oil fracturing proppant can either reduce production costs can guarantee the quality of fly ash is pulverized in fuel in power plants and other boilers, industrial waste discharged in the chemical composition of the content of SIO2 most (45% to 60%), followed AL2O3 (18% ~ 40%) of as small amount of remaining Fe2O3] CaOMgOK2O LOI like.

INNER fly ash as the main raw material doped with a certain amount of clay and a small amount of pore-forming agent, and water by allowing mixing of microspheres made of high-temperature roasting two Lytag fluoridated water except for analog fluorine treatment. Poke Guanjie other trial of the high fly ash sintered ceramic ceramic with a light density, high strength low thermal conductivity refractory impermeability absorbing chemical stability is good. However, because of low intensity can not be used because this ceramic oil fracturing proppant.

Oil fracturing proppant microscopic analysis of ceramic proppant

China each year hundreds of thousands of tons of  Proppant  is pumped into the formation at present in addition to the most commonly used quartz sand proppant outside is made of ceramic with bauxite should make full use of the abundant local resources developed high-quality bauxite bauxite  fracturing proppant   At present, the performance of ceramic proppant and abroad is still lagging behind compared to similar products and refine raw powder granulation improve the manufacturing process will greatly improve the quality of products. Oil and gas exploration in order to increase production to use a lot of fracturing proppant particles quality  ceramic proppant  wells to improve the economic efficiency has an important role to fully utilize our rich resource of high-alumina ceramic proppant improvement manufacturing technology is a significant work of domestic ceramic proppant performance, composition and microstructure of the comparative study showed proppant performance depends on its chemical composition and microstructure of the powder is preferably processed materials and improve process can effectively improve the quality of the proppant.

Proppant properties: oil  Fracturing proppant  have adopted many domestic oil fracturing proppant equipment produced ceramic sand proppant as oil wells after its stimulation effect after fracturing and production dynamically depending on crack conductivity fracture conductivity fracture conductivity is the ability of the fluid to the reservoir fracturing proppant permeability and fracture bracing slit width of the product to indicate the type of  Proppant  therefore, physical properties and their influence on the distribution of crack an important factor in fracture conductivity.

The advantages and disadvantages of water fracturing

The advantages and disadvantages of water fracturing
Not thickened water has been considered one of the cleanest and most efficient fracturing fluid. If the strata adaptability, fluid loss is small, you can use not thickened water as the main fracturing fluid. General measures taken are water fracturing, fracture resistance reduction. These fracturing operations in high displacement pump into a lot of water, which add a reducing agent and a small amount of  Proppant .  The costs of these measures less than with conventional gel, so water fracturing gel fracturing more economically feasible than.
Like all production technologies, water fracturing also has its own advantages and disadvantages. This technology is the key to well selection, selecting appropriate to the technical merits of the formation. Shimizu fracturing benefits include:
  1, easy to operate;
  2, the resulting crack length;
  3, initial yields comparable with conventional gel fracturing;
  4, the cost is lower than the gel fracturing.
  Fracturing water also has some disadvantages such as:
  1, plus   frac sand   concentration is low;
  2,  Frac sand  off too fast;
  3, the effective fracture length is shorter;
  4, yield decreasing faster than the gel fracturing;
  5, the bottom layer of water having a certain degree of risk.
In fact, all the problems in water   fracturing proppant  - carrying capacity because of poor cause. Therefore, if the support agent can effectively filling cracks with water, these problems can be reduced or even completely eliminated.

Ceramic proppant microstructure and composition

China each year hundreds of thousands of tons of  Proppant  is pumped into the formation, present, except for quartz sand, the most commonly bauxite proppant is made of ceramic, should make full use of abundant local resources bauxite, development and quality bauxite proppant. At present, the performance of ceramic proppant and abroad is still lagging behind compared to similar products, and refined granulation powder raw materials, improve the manufacturing process will greatly improve the quality of products.

Oil and gas exploration in order to increase production to use a lot of  frac proppant  particles, high-quality ceramic proppant wells to improve the economic efficiency has an important role in making full use of the rich bauxite resources, research to improve TAO proppant particle manufacturing technology, is a significant work of domestic  ceramic proppant  performance, composition and microstructure of the comparative study shows that proppant performance depends on its chemical composition and microstructure, so , selection of raw materials and improve the powder processing technology can effectively improve the quality of the  Proppant .

Fracturing fluid is a fracturing of the "blood"

Fracturing fluid is a fracturing of the "blood." It is equivalent to the drilling mud, on the fracturing of great significance. On the one hand, handlebar fracturing fluid into the formation fracturing, fracturing fluid in the formation create a long slit for hydrocarbon migration to open a channel; hand,  Proppant  fracturing fluid is carried through into the formation. It can be said that only the fracturing fluid performance improvement, fracturing will have a strong "vitality."

Since fracturing fluid is a chemical substance, more or less damage to the stratum exists, therefore, a measure of high temperature and low damage fracturing fluid quality standards. Currently, Zhongyuan Oilfield is mainly used in fracturing fluid organic boron fracturing fluid, the fracturing fluid is water-based  fracturing  fluid areas, the main ingredient is guar gum and organic boron. Its ability to create cracks, proppant carrying capacity than the strong. It also able to adapt to high temperature below 170 degrees Celsius. However, since there is no guar gum dissolved in water composition, this fracturing fluid can easily cause some damage to the stratum.

Performance evaluation of ceramic proppant

The main physical properties of Ceramic proppant include ceramic sieve analysis, bulk density, apparent density, sphericity, broken rate and acid solubility.
These physical properties of the ceramic on the  hydraulic fracturing  process have a direct impact on product performance.
1 Sieve analysis - impact crushing rate and conductivity.
2 Bulk Density - impact breakage.
3 apparent density - impact breakage.
4 Broken rate - affect conductivity.
5. Sphericity - affect conductivity.
6 Turbidity - impact fracturing.
7 Acid Solubility - impact diversion and fracturing.

What is a ceramic proppant / ceramic sand

ceramic proppant also called ceramic sand, is a ceramic particulate products, is fracturing ceramic products. Ceramic proppant fracturing has high strength, mainly used for oil well supported in order to increase oil and gas production, and environmental pollution, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic sand and other materials using high bauxite, sintered ceramics, natural silica sand, glass beads, metal balls, low intensity  Proppant  substitute for oil and gas production and significantly good results.

Oil and natural gas in deep mining, the high closure pressure low permeability deposits by  fracturing  treatment, the rock cracked hydrocarbon, oil and gas from the cracks formed in the channel pooling out. Ceramic support material with a solution into the formation along with the high-pressure filling fissures in the rock, play a supporting fissure is closed not because of the role of stress release, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that gas flow, increase production.

Practice has proved that using  Ceramic proppant  fracturing wells can increase production by 30-50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells. Over the years, ceramic sand is widely used in deep, high pressure oil layer fracturing. Use, ceramic sand and fracturing fluid mixing, by high pressure pump into the underground fracturing layer cracks play a supporting role, so that it no longer re-closed, forming a high conductivity and gas channels, to increase production.