Oil fracturing proppant selection

Oil fracturing proppant selection mainly includes the type, size and concentration. Select oil fracturing proppant and the pressure of the rock formations, environmental Maide proppant conductivity and yield requirements are closely linked. Should first consider when selecting Coal seam gas proppant nature and fracture flow capacity under certain geological, engineering conditions, combined with specific geological conditions (such as closure pressure, rock hardness, temperature, target layer properties) selected to meet the engineering conditions (fracturing fluid nature of pumping equipment), and can get a good yield results proppant. Second, you must also consider the economic benefits due to proppant variety, quality and origin conditions differences, there are differences proppant costs must be considered cost-effective, combining economics to analyze the preferred fracturing proppant

Shale gas is generated

Shale gas is mined out from shale gas , shale or body located in dark carbon shale , the  maide Shale gas revolution is adsorbed on the body in order to exist in the free state or mudstone, carbon mudstone , shale and pink sandwich on sandy rocks in natural gas, which can be generated in various stages of organic origin of natural gas subject to the free phase ( about 50% ) present in the cracks , porosity and other reservoir space to adsorption state ( about 50% ) present in kerogen , clay particles and pore surface , a very small amount is stored in a dissolved state kerogen , asphaltenes and petroleum . Natural gas is also present in siltstone , silty mudstone , muddy siltstone sandwich -like , or even sandstone formations . After the gas generated in the source rock gathered nearby , the performance of a typical
Shale gas
Situ accumulation mode and differential oil shale, oil sands, bitumen and other large . Different from conventional reservoirs and gas reservoirs , maide gas fracking  generated by both the source rock is gathered and stored gas reservoir and cap rock . Therefore , the high organic content of black shale , mudstone carbon is often the best conditions for the development of shale gas .
Shale gas development has extensive geological significance , present in almost all of the basin , just because burial depth , gas saturation and other big difference with different industrial value , respectively . Fractured shale gas Chinese traditional sense , shale oil and gas reservoirs , fractured shale reservoirs , fractured reservoirs , etc. This is quite roughly , but did not consider the mechanism of adsorption is not considered one of the primary attributes of natural gas and understanding of the body is gathered in the cracks in the shale oil and gas in free phase . Shale gas is not complete and therefore belongs sense. Therefore , China 's fractured shale reservoirs concept and connotation of shale gas in the United States today are not the same , namely, the material content of hydrocarbons , storage phase , there is a big difference between the source characteristics and chemical composition and other aspects .

Performance Oil proppant requirements

Performance Oil proppant requirements: 1 , proppant sufficient compressive strength and wear resistance , can withstand strong pressure and friction when injected , and effectively support the artificial cracks. 2 , the relative density of the  natural gas fracking  particles must be low, to facilitate pumped downhole . 3 , proppant particles under conditions of a temperature of 200 degrees , and the fracturing fluid and the reservoir fluid is not a chemical effect , the solubility of the acid should be less than the maximum allowable value of 7% . Currently used mainly quartz sand oil well fracking,bauxite sand and resin-coated ceramic composite particles. Due to the low cost of quartz sand , while lower density easy to pump , has been widely used , but quartz sand strong low end , the ball is poor, reducing the fracture conductivity , does not apply to high pressure deep well closed . Composite resin coated quartz sand particles , sphericity improved corrosion resistance strong, conductivity is also good , but the products remain short- term , the cost is too high, the cost of the promotion of the supremacy of today is not easy , and the use of bauxite ceramic craft ceramic natural gas fracturing, high density, good sphericity , corrosion resistance , high temperature, high pressure, while costs can be better controlled , and therefore more widely used in oil and gas fields being . Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing oil wells can increase production by 30-50% , but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells , is the key material oil, gas wells in low permeability oil and gas exploration, construction , not only to increase oil and gas production , and more to extend the service life of oil and gas wells .

Characteristics of ceramic proppant products

After fracturing oil and gas wells chinese proppant in its stimulation effect and production performance depends conductivity cracks. Fracture conductivity fracture conductivity is within the reservoir fluids, fracturing proppant and fracture permeability Aperture product support to represent. Therefore, physical properties and distribution of ceramic proppant in the fracture is an important factor china proppant affecting fracture conductivity. Of ceramic proppant performance requirements are as follows:

1, Ceramic proppants have sufficient compressive strength and resistance to abrasion, resistant to strong pressure and friction during injection, and effectively support the artificial cracks.

2, ceramic proppants particles relative density is lower, easy to pump into the underground.

  3, ceramic proppants particle sizes to meet the design requirements of different wells, typically 0.4-0.8mm, roundness and sphericity greater than 0.9, and particle uniformity, smooth surface, turbidity should be less than 1000, in order to obtain the best possible high conductivity.

  4, ceramic proppants particles at a temperature of 200 ℃ conditions, the fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid chemical reaction does not occur, the acid solubility of the maximum allowable value should be less than 7%.

Oil well fracking s widely used in oilfield.

Oil well fracking of new wells in the reservoir is low porosity, fluid flow out; or old older oil wells are blocked, the oil flow resistance is large, with high pressure and a certain liquid pressure to open the bottom of proppant into the fracture It is supported, thereby enhancing the formation conductivity, to achieve an end yield very effective technological measures. It is a production efficiency, enhanced oil recovery process for a very important and is widely used in oilfield.

Ceramic proppants particles is a product

Ceramic proppants particles is a product with high fracture strength, mainly used in oil well supported, to increase production of oil and gas, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic proppant is the use of high-quality sintered bauxite and other raw materials, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength proppants to increase oil and gas has a positive effect. When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability deposit closure after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation in rock fissures, cracks do not play a supporting closed due to stress lightweight proppant release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production from 30 to 50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

Mainly used in the fracturing process proppant

Hydraulic fracking has now become the primary means of oil and gas field exploration and development during a stimulation and enhanced oil recovery. But some well occur proppant anti-spit phenomenon in drainage or oil extraction process, seriously affecting the oil recovery efficiency. This proppant proposed new requirements, mainly used in the fracturing process proppant quartz sand, ceramic and resin-coated proppants based. Resin coated proppant combines the advantages of quartz sand and ceramic, to facilitate the construction, strong conductivity, not only for the fracturing support, and can prevent formation sand and proppant anti-spit.             

Coal seam gas is high-quality energy and chemical raw materials.

Coal seam gas refers to the storage in coal seams with methane as the main component in the coal matrix to adsorb the particle surface the main part of divorced or dissolved in the pores of coal seam water and hydrocarbon gas, is associated mineral resources of coal, unconventional gas is nearly two decades on the rise in the international clean, high-quality energy and chemical raw materials. Commonly known as "gas", the calorific value of coal is 2-5 times more common, and one cubic meters of coalbed methane heat value equivalent to 1.13kg of pure gasoline, 1.21kg of coal, with a calorific value of natural gas equivalent, can be mixed with natural gas mixed transportation, and after burning very clean, hardly produce any emissions, is on a good industry, chemical industry, power generation and residential fuel.

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the important technology

Hydraulic fracturing technology is one of the important oil and energy industry, to see from a functional perspective, fracturing not only be defined as a technique in oil production, exploration and development of its oil and gas reservoirs in the performance of the status and the effect produced by oil exploration and development to become an indispensable supporting technology, develop ways and means to increase production. It can be divided into hydraulic sand fracturing and acid fracturing two categories. In the oil and gas field development, hydraulic fracturing can achieve low permeability reservoirs and efficient development and maintain stable output of conventional oil fields, contribute to the development of old oil fields and tapping the potential adjustment to achieve a special type of reservoir development and production.

Ultra lightweight proppant benefits

Ultra lightweight proppant has changed the ways and means of elastic fracturing job. Continue to study the unique characteristics and applications of lightweight proppants encourage people to turn to spread sand proppant volume, rather than sanding quality. Studies have shown that hydraulic fracturing proppant used ultralight
The benefits are obvious. Particle strength lightweight proppant material suitable for use as proppant, but much lower than conventional proppant products apparent specific gravity
Lightweight proppant more obvious advantages include: significant reduction in proppant settling, have increased the potential value of the effective propped fracture length; desired viscosity fracturing fluid is not high, can reduce the pump power.