Most of proppant materials prepared by LAS, additives can reduce fracturing proppants the sintering temperature fracturing proppant. Studies have shown that: Additive at lower temperatures can promote liquid phase is generated, or a reaction with Al2O3 solid solution, to improve the sintering activity. The most commonly used additives are mainly manganese powder, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, dolomite, chromite and so on. In the high-temperature sintering manganese ore and manganese ions are easy to replace aluminum ion, the lattice variation, thus promoting sintering, its amount is generally 1% to 3% is appropriate; barium and calcium carbonate in high temperature sintering process will monoclinic barium feldspar and anorthite Dan Shengcheng, both to protect the other components of the product from acid erosion, which amount to 3% to 5% and 1% to 2% is appropriate; dolomite at high temperatures can promote liquid generate, promote sintering, while also promoting corundum precipitated on the surface of secondary mullite crystals, improve the sintering properties of the sample, is generally added in an amount to 2% to 3.5% is appropriate; chromite sintering temperature can be reduced, promoting fracturing proppant mullite phase formation, the amount of chromite corundum grains will promote development, increase density, improve strength, it is generally added in an amount of 1% is appropriate.

Oil and gas wells in conductivity after fracture stimulation effect and its production performance depends on crack, crack conductivity is the ability to crack the conductive fluid within the reservoir to ceramic proppant supplier fracturing proppant permeability and fracture width of fracture support product to represent. Thus, the type and distribution of the physical properties of the proppant in the fracture is an important factor affecting the ability of fracture conductivity.
Performance requirements of oil fracturing proppant follows:
1, proppant have sufficient compressive strength and wear resistance, can withstand strong pressure and friction during injection and effectively support the artificial cracks.
2, proppant particles relative density is lower, easy pumped underground.
3, proppant particles under conditions of a temperature of 200 degrees, with the fracturing fluid and the reservoir fluid is not a chemical effect, the acid solubility of the maximum permissible value should be less than 7%.
Furthermore, we hope adequate supply, low prices.
Oil well fracturing construction costs need to spend hundreds of thousands, even hundreds of million, the proportion of the cost of proppant in which accounts are not large, however, the effects of quality proppant fracturing plays a crucial post the role of a direct impact on the net income of oil production.
Proppants currently used quartz sand, ceramic and a variety of resin-coated composite particles. Wherein the quartz sand cheapest price, relatively low density, to facilitate the construction of pumping, so it is widely used, but low-intensity quartz sand, the ball is poor, thereby reducing the conductivity of cracks, particularly closure does not apply to high pressure The deep, with a composite resin coated quartz sand particles, the sphericity improved corrosion resistance can achieve higher targets, even if the internal quartz sand is crushed, outside coated resin layer can wrap pieces, keeping the crack diversion capacity, is a development direction proppant, but the current product shelf life is relatively short, the cost is also high, with a variety of different materials and manufacturing process of ceramic, slightly higher than the relative density of quartz sand, conditions and performance of pumping fracturing fluids are more demanding, more difficult when fracturing, fracture stimulation

but the ball and roundness Ceramisite than quartz sand, and can reach 0.9 or more, particularly resistant resistance, temperature resistance and compressive strength are higher than quartz sand, thus decreasing conductivity fracture is much lower now increasingly widely used oil and gas fields.

Petroleum proppant known as proppant in hydraulic fracturing in fracturing effect greatly affect the success or failure

Petroleum proppant known as proppant in fracturing proppants hydraulic fracturing in fracturing effect greatly affect the success or failure, depending on the length of validity of the quality of the proppant. After its role in the oil and gas when deep mining, high closure pressure after fracturing low permeability deposit processing, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out of the fluid injected into the rock grassroots needs at this time, in order to formation fracture pressure exceeds the strength to make cracks in the rock around the wellbore to form a channel having a high level flow capacity, cracks formed to maintain Open after fracturing oil and gas product can be smoothly passed.
Fracturing proppant can be broadly divided into natural and artificial two categories. The former representative of quartz sand, which is commonly referred to as ceramic proppant. The price of the widely used five different standard proppant in the oil and gas yield market, which is a natural quartz sand, artificial moderate density silicate proppant (ceramic sand), moderate-intensity artificial high density alumina and silicate proppant, bauxite high strength and high strength proppant zirconium lightweight proppant silicate, and applying pre-cured coatings and coating resins curable natural or artificial sand proppant. They each play a different role in the oil and gas production.

Ceramic fracturing support agent can be horizontal drilling used in fracturing in deep, high-pressure oil and gas layers. After the primary raw material with outstanding clay finely crushed to a fine powder, with various additives, repeated kneading, granulation, polishing, high temperature sintering, this product has a high strength, low density, good sphericity, finish high, strong conductivity other advantages.
Champoux consulting industry analysts pointed out that ceramic fracturing support agent is a commodity ceramic particles with high fracture strength, mainly used for downhole support to add oil and gas output, fracturing fluid this product is environmentally superior merchandise use bauxite and other raw materials. High temperature sintering. Natural quartz sand, glass balls, metal balls and other low-intensity support alternatives to increase oil and gas have an outstanding role.

While the large number of applications fracking is proppant indeed in recent years, but as early as 1947, the United States, Kansas on hydraulic fracturing tests carried out, the technology patented in 1949. In addition, environmentalists need to worry about chemical substances contained in the fracturing fluid, in fact, from an environmental point of view, consume a lot of fresh water should be the most talked about oil fracturing proppant issue of hydraulic fracturing. It is worth mentioning that the hydraulic fracturing method also increase the general yield of water and other purposes.

Steady squeeze fracturing fluid plugging: When the oil fracturing proppant pump pressure surge, decreased emissions, identified as sand plug, they should immediately stop sand, smooth extrusion process with a large displacement fracturing fluid were plugging, to be normal again continue adding sand;
Backwash plugging: plugging sand appears, immediately stop sand backwash, after all the grit out of the column inside, try sand, continue fracturing;
Water hammer plugging: plugging water hammer is a small part of fracturing car in a safe pressure range, positive pressure - from the tubing, then shoved to put pressure, to form a water hammer phenomenon, generating shock and vibration. After a positive impact and anti-vibration reciprocating action, shock or vibration to live segment lifted grit sand plug.
Events column oil well fracking backwash plugging: This method is the active column and backwash well combined to lift the sand plug. Sand plug in more serious cases, the rapid activity fracturing string, the grit oil jacket annular space is released. Then, and then backwashing or water hammer Solving tubing grit.

Oil shale mining process, hydraulic fracturing is a oil fracturing proppant technique commonly used. It is mainly the use of ground high-pressure pump, a large number of chemical substances doped water, sand, etc. made fracturing fluid, poured into the depths of the rock fracturing so dense rock cracks expand, and ultimately release of oil or natural gas. The US Geological Survey estimates that by 2018 23 percent of US oil and 57 percent of gas production using hydraulic fracturing method. More than that, in addition, hydraulic fracturing can be used to increase the general yield of water and increasing the capacity of geothermal power and so on.
Fracturing fluids used in hydraulic fracturing method of 99% water and sand composition, in which the main role fracturing proppant sand proppant. Statistics show that fracturing oil and gas wells bite requires about 1,500 tons of sand, but if you use more sand in the fracturing process, oil and gas production the mine will be further improved. It also makes a number of oil and gas companies try to use more sand in the mining process.

Most proppant material obtained by LAS, additives petroleum proppant can reduce the sintering temperature fracturing proppant. Studies have shown that: the additive at a lower temperature may promote generation liquid, or a solid solution reacts with Al2O3, improved sintering activity. The most commonly used additives are mainly manganese powder, barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, dolomite, chromite and so on. In the high-temperature sintering manganese ore and manganese ions are easy to replace aluminum ion, the lattice variation, thus promoting sintering, its amount is generally 1% to 3% is appropriate; barium carbonate and calcium carbonate at high temperature sintering process will monoclinic barium feldspar and anorthite Dan Shengcheng, both to protect the other components of the product from acid erosion, which amount to 3% to 5% and 1% to 2% is appropriate; dolomite at high temperatures can promote liquid generate, promote sintering, but also to promote the precipitation of corundum surface secondary mullite crystals, high crush proppants improve the sintering properties of the sample, is generally added in an amount to 2% to 3.5% is appropriate; chromite sintering temperature can be reduced, promoting mullite phase formation, the amount of chromite corundum grains will promote development, increase density, improve strength, its amount is generally 1% is appropriate.