Proppant relations embedded in the ground and pressure

When pressure is lower than 50 MPa, the proppant is not embedded or embedded is not obvious phenomenon occurs not because of the ability to embed diversion affected . When the closure pressure greater than 50 MPa, using the core pressure drop rapidly , indicating that when the closure pressure higher than 50 MPa, conductivity started by chinese proppant embedment effects . Closed pressure 60MPa, using steel diversion capacity of 140μm2 • cm, using the core conductivity 85μm2 • cm, just because you can embed a reduced ability to cause diversion 39.3% .
With the closing pressure is further increased, up to 80 MPa , the difference between the two begins to decrease , which is due to the steel sheet further proppant crushing ,maide proppant manufacturers  conductivity crushing injuries caused by embedding the damage gradually close . But the ability to embed diversion always occur no less than the ability to embed diversion occurred .
Proppant embedment in the formation of the conductivity of the injury is very serious, under 10 kg / m2 sanding concentration due to the decreased ability to embed diversion may lead to 65.9% , down 5 kg / m2 sanding concentration conductivity can be reduced 87.5% , the greater the sanding concentration , the smaller the degree of damage to the diversion embedding capabilities .
Only when the pressure reaches a certain value closes , the damage was manifested embedded . So embedded harmful effects manifested closure pressure and the size of the crack spread sand concentration. Under the same conditions of formation , proppant embedment in the most serious conglomerate , mudstone Secondly , siltstone minimum .

Ceramic proppant strengths and weaknesses

We have long been considered a non- gelled water is one of the most cleanest, most economical fract . If the filtration problems in the formation fracturing fluid compatibility issues and minimal case , the non- thickened water as a base fracturing fluid will be of great significance . These stimulation usually refers to hydraulic fracturing , reducing water resistance or branches  Maide ceramic proppant  fracturing ( occasionally ) , they usually require a large number of high-speed pumped water containing a small amount of reducing agent and proppant . In the application, compared with the traditional thickening fluid , this method can reduce the capital investment on the one hand , on the other hand so that  Maide resin coated ceramic proppant is more economically viable than other uses thickening fluid fracturing methods. Like other technical measures to increase production and hydraulic fracturing has its advantages , but also has its drawbacks . This particular method is the key to its screening principles will be applied to fit the unique advantages of this region or strata .
1 hydraulic fracturing potential advantages include:
2 simple operation, the use of a single chemical agents ;
3 can produce a considerable length of hydraulic ;
4 initial production can be compared with the normal stimulation intended ;
5 . Costs lower than normal stimulation .
As expected, the Maide Ceramics  also has shortcomings, such as :
1 confined to the low amount of sand strata ;
2 rapid sand filtration rate ;
(3) the effective fracture length is shorter ;
4 Compared with ordinary fracturing operations of similar size , the larger the decrease in final yield ;
5 The following fracturing aquifer has certain risks.
In essence , the hydraulic fracturing of various unfavorable factors show poor ability to carry proppant fracturing fluid . If the proppant can be effectively carried in place of water , the potential adverse consequences will be significantly reduced or even disappear completely .